本文選題：低流速 + 能量捕獲　； 參考：《太原科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在20世紀(jì),以石油為主的化石能源推動(dòng)了人類社會(huì)文明的高速發(fā)展。但隨著人口膨脹和對(duì)地球資源不加節(jié)制的過度開發(fā),能源供應(yīng)日益緊張。同時(shí),大量化石能源的使用帶來的環(huán)境污染問題也越來越嚴(yán)重。人類必須阻止問題的進(jìn)一步惡化,推廣綠色可再生能源的使用。在走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路和發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)成為全球各國(guó)共識(shí)的今天,開發(fā)利用新能源成為新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。而中國(guó)是一個(gè)人口眾多,人均能源擁有量很低的國(guó)家。開發(fā)和利用新能源勢(shì)在必行。高效利用潮流能發(fā)電能極大緩解人均能源不足的問題。在水平軸潮流能發(fā)電裝置部件中,槳葉作為能量捕獲的部分,其重要性不言而喻。槳葉的設(shè)計(jì)直接關(guān)系到裝置的發(fā)電效率的高低。而我國(guó)沿海大部分水道的海水流速較低,優(yōu)化在低流速條件下水平軸潮流能發(fā)電槳葉的設(shè)計(jì)勢(shì)在必行。傳統(tǒng)槳葉設(shè)計(jì)是直接套用風(fēng)力發(fā)電裝置,利用的是流體經(jīng)過槳葉產(chǎn)生升力。翼型周圍存在繞流,其外表面上的流體流速是不同的,致使下表面壓力較上表面大,即產(chǎn)生一個(gè)方向垂直來流合速度的升力。而其分量即是所要捕獲的動(dòng)力。但用在低流速近海的條件下是行不通的。壓差升力的大小與流速的平方成正比;隨著來流速度的減小,使槳葉的捕能效率急劇下降。本文提出一種槳葉設(shè)計(jì)方法,不同于傳統(tǒng)的按風(fēng)力發(fā)電設(shè)計(jì)潮流能發(fā)電槳葉的方法。由于槳葉的作用,水流通過槳葉時(shí)速度會(huì)發(fā)生分解。使槳葉轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的作用來自于方向垂直于出流速度的海水對(duì)槳葉的沖擊,基于葉素理論,分析槳葉受到的沖擊力,建立動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。在能量捕獲效率最大的條件下,運(yùn)用非線性優(yōu)化方法求得槳葉設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),由此可得到槳葉外形。本文設(shè)計(jì)制作了兩種潮流能發(fā)電槳葉,一種是按捕獲沖擊動(dòng)力進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),另一種是按捕獲壓差動(dòng)力進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),詳細(xì)分析了兩種槳葉的弦長(zhǎng)與槳距角的差別,并且實(shí)際加工了兩種槳葉。通過設(shè)計(jì)的槳葉測(cè)試系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),對(duì)優(yōu)化后槳葉和未優(yōu)化槳葉的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比,證明按捕獲沖擊動(dòng)力進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的槳葉在低流速條件下能獲得更大的功率。證明了此優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:In the 20 th century, petroleum-based fossil energy promoted the rapid development of human civilization. But with population expansion and uncontrolled overexploitation of the planet's resources, energy supplies are becoming increasingly tight. At the same time, the environmental pollution caused by the use of a large amount of fossil energy is becoming more and more serious. Humans must stop the problem from getting worse and promote the use of green renewable energy. Nowadays, with the development of low-carbon economy and sustainable development, the development and utilization of new energy has become a new economic growth point. China is a country with a large population and low energy per capita. It is imperative to develop and utilize new energy. Efficient use of tidal power generation can greatly alleviate the problem of energy shortage per capita. The importance of blade as the part of energy capture is self-evident in the component of horizontal axis power generation device. The design of blade is directly related to the efficiency of power generation. However, the velocity of sea water in most waterways of our country is low, so it is imperative to optimize the design of horizontal axis tidal current power generation blade under low velocity. Traditional blade design is a direct application of wind power equipment, the use of fluid through the blade to generate lift. There is a flow around the airfoil, and the flow velocity on the outer surface is different, which results in a higher pressure on the lower surface than on the upper surface. And its component is the power to capture. However, it is not feasible to use it in low velocity offshore conditions. The lift of the pressure difference is proportional to the square of the velocity of flow, and the efficiency of energy capture of the blade decreases sharply with the decrease of the velocity of the incoming flow. In this paper, a blade design method is presented, which is different from the traditional wind power design method. As a result of the blade action, the velocity of flow through the blade will decompose. The effect of blade rotation is derived from the impingement of seawater perpendicular to the velocity of outlet flow on the blade. Based on the theory of blade element, the impact force on the blade is analyzed and a dynamic model is established. Under the condition of maximum energy capture efficiency, the blade design parameters are obtained by nonlinear optimization method, and the blade shape can be obtained. In this paper, two kinds of tidal current power generation blades are designed, one is designed according to the capture impact force, the other is the capture pressure differential force. The difference between the chord length and the pitch angle of the two kinds of blades is analyzed in detail. And two kinds of blades are actually processed. The experimental data of the optimized blade and the unoptimized blade are analyzed and compared by the designed blade test system. It is proved that the blade designed according to the capture impact force can obtain greater power under the condition of low velocity of velocity. The feasibility and effectiveness of the optimal design method are proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM612

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