發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-07 21:35

  本文選題：核電廠 + 儀表　； 參考：《南華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：對核電廠嚴(yán)重事故下的儀表進(jìn)行可用性評價(jià)，主要目的是通過分析和證明，確定用于緩解和監(jiān)測嚴(yán)重事故進(jìn)程的儀表能以合理的可信度確保其在要求的時(shí)間內(nèi)的有效性，以確保在核電廠發(fā)生嚴(yán)重事故時(shí)能夠正確獲取電廠狀態(tài)。同時(shí)，其可用性評價(jià)結(jié)果可用于核電廠嚴(yán)重事故管理導(dǎo)則的制定工作，對于核電廠嚴(yán)重事故的管理有著重大意義。目前國際上嚴(yán)重事故條件下儀表可用性分析相關(guān)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系并未完全建立，但核電廠嚴(yán)重事故管理的相關(guān)安全法規(guī)均明確要求必須證明用于緩解嚴(yán)重事故的儀表及設(shè)備在事故條件下可用。因此需要針對嚴(yán)重事故環(huán)境特點(diǎn)，對儀表可用性評價(jià)方法展開研究。 本文研究內(nèi)容主要分為以下三個(gè)方面： 一．通過對嚴(yán)重事故管理以及儀表質(zhì)量鑒定相關(guān)法規(guī)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分析，明確了嚴(yán)重事故下儀表評價(jià)的要求及方向。同時(shí)對嚴(yán)重事故環(huán)境條件及其對儀表的影響因素展開研究，明確了嚴(yán)重事故下儀表可用性評價(jià)要素。同時(shí)針對現(xiàn)有的評價(jià)的不足之處，探討并研究了鑒定曲線包絡(luò)法及電路仿真法，并形成了綜合運(yùn)用兩種評價(jià)方法的完整評價(jià)流程。 二．基于鑒定曲線包絡(luò)法，對目前的主流壓水堆核電廠進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)重事故下儀表可用性評價(jià)。在評價(jià)過程中，將儀表鑒定時(shí)的環(huán)境條件曲線與嚴(yán)重事故的環(huán)境條件曲線進(jìn)行包絡(luò)對比，結(jié)合分析儀表環(huán)境敏感因素，評價(jià)儀表的性能在嚴(yán)重事故條件下是否受到影響。在給出了部分評價(jià)結(jié)果的同時(shí)，對評價(jià)方法的可信度和適用范圍進(jìn)行了探討。 三．基于電路仿真法，對鑒定曲線包絡(luò)法無法準(zhǔn)確判斷可用性的儀表進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的研究和分析。在該方法評價(jià)過程中，針對儀表電路特點(diǎn)建立簡化的等效電路模型，并根據(jù)嚴(yán)重事故環(huán)境對其影響特征建立降級的電路特征，最后利用電路仿真軟件計(jì)算其在各環(huán)境下的輸出波形，并根據(jù)一定判據(jù)將儀表的可用性分為可用、降級可用及不可用三類。最后通過將具體儀表的評價(jià)結(jié)果同三里島事故后儀表可用性檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告進(jìn)行了對比，驗(yàn)證了該方法的合理性及可信度。 本研究為嚴(yán)重事故下儀表可用性評價(jià)提供了較好的思路和較為完整的方法。具有一定的前瞻性，，同時(shí)具有很好的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The main purpose of assessing the availability of instruments in the event of serious accidents in nuclear power plants is to determine, through analysis and proof, that the instruments used to mitigate and monitor the process of serious accidents can ensure their effectiveness within the required time with reasonable credibility, To ensure that the power plant state can be correctly obtained in the event of a serious accident in the nuclear power plant. At the same time, the results of usability evaluation can be used in the formulation of guidelines for the management of serious accidents in nuclear power plants, which is of great significance to the management of serious accidents in nuclear power plants. At present, the international standard system related to instrument availability analysis under serious accident conditions has not been fully established. However, the relevant safety regulations for the management of serious accidents in nuclear power plants require that the instruments and equipment used to mitigate the serious accidents must be proved to be available under the accident conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to study the instrument availability evaluation method according to the characteristics of serious accident environment. The research content of this paper is divided into the following three aspects: 1. Through the analysis of the regulations and standards related to the management of serious accidents and the identification of instrument quality, the requirements and direction of instrument evaluation under serious accidents are clarified. At the same time, the environmental conditions of serious accidents and their influencing factors on instrumentation are studied, and the evaluation elements of instrument availability under serious accidents are defined. At the same time, aiming at the shortcomings of the existing evaluation, the paper discusses and studies the envelope method of the appraisal curve and the circuit simulation method, and forms a complete evaluation flow using the two evaluation methods synthetically. 2. Based on the evaluation curve envelope method, the instrument availability of the current mainstream PWR nuclear power plant is evaluated under serious accidents. In the process of evaluation, the environmental condition curve of instrument identification is compared with the environmental condition curve of serious accident, and the performance of instrument is evaluated under the condition of serious accident by analyzing the sensitive factors of instrument environment. At the same time, the reliability and application range of the evaluation method are discussed. 3. Based on the circuit simulation method, further research and analysis are carried out on the instruments whose availability can not be judged accurately by the envelope method of the identification curve. In the evaluation process of this method, the simplified equivalent circuit model is established according to the characteristics of the instrument circuit, and the downgrade circuit characteristics are established according to the influence characteristics of the serious accident environment. Finally, the output waveform of the instrument is calculated by using the circuit simulation software, and the availability of the instrument is divided into three categories according to certain criteria: availability, demotion, availability and unavailability. Finally, the rationality and reliability of the method are verified by comparing the evaluation results of the specific instruments with the instrument availability test report after the accident in San Mile Island. This research provides a good idea and a more complete method for instrument usability evaluation under serious accident. Has certain foresight, at the same time has the very good practical application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM623

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本文編號：2106345