本文選題：電動汽車 + 永磁同步電機�。� 參考：《清華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在電動汽車電驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)中，永磁同步電機作為動力源，維持著車輛的運轉(zhuǎn)。永磁同步電機的控制對于整車的安全性、可靠性、可駕駛性、動力性、經(jīng)濟性以及舒適性都有著決定性的影響。為了提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性，本文在電機控制中加入速度傳感器的容錯功能。 本文首先建立了永磁同步電機的數(shù)學(xué)模型，并同步建立了傳感器的模型，并根據(jù)矢量控制算法以及空間矢量調(diào)制方法搭建了永磁同步電機控制系統(tǒng)的模型，得到了電機控制系統(tǒng)的模型。為了得到更加精確的電機模型，分析了影響永磁同步電機參數(shù)變化的因素，討論了參數(shù)的時變性對于控制算法以及無速度傳感器控制的影響。引入帶遺忘因子的遞歸最小二乘算法對永磁同步電機進行參數(shù)的辨識。基于參數(shù)修正后的永磁同步電機模型，對于永磁同步電機電角度估計算法進行了研究。針對直接計算法存在開環(huán)計算誤差與參數(shù)的變化，采用狀態(tài)觀測器法對反電動勢進行觀測，以此計算位置與速度。其次采用波波夫超穩(wěn)定性理論設(shè)計自適應(yīng)律，將模型參考自適應(yīng)法應(yīng)用于電機的位置與速度的狀態(tài)估計與重構(gòu)。為了克服控制系統(tǒng)中的噪聲干擾，引入擴展卡爾曼濾波法對位置與速度進行了狀態(tài)的估計。采用以上幾種方法對電機的位置與速度進行觀測，可以實現(xiàn)速度傳感器失效下的容錯控制。 然后基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建了軟件系統(tǒng)開發(fā)平臺，對永磁同步電機控制系統(tǒng)進行軟件開發(fā)，主要包括基于模型的自動代碼生成，模塊化的圖形編程以及分步的驗證。基于模型的自動代碼生成可以有效地避免代碼的錯誤，模塊化的圖形編程可以改善程序的可讀性，增加可擴展性與可移植性，，分布的驗證可以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)程序錯誤并進行修改。 最后介紹了永磁同步電機控制器的硬件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法。對于控制器的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、電源分配與隔離進行了規(guī)劃，并對控制電路以及驅(qū)動電路進行了原理圖的設(shè)計。
[Abstract]:In electric vehicle electric drive system, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used as power source to keep the vehicle running. The control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has a decisive effect on the safety, reliability, drivability, power, economy and comfort of the whole vehicle. In order to improve the reliability of the system, the fault-tolerant function of the speed sensor is added to the motor control in this paper. In this paper, the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is first established, and the sensor model is established synchronously, and the model of PMSM control system is built according to vector control algorithm and space vector modulation method. The model of motor control system is obtained. In order to obtain a more accurate motor model, the factors affecting the parameters of PMSM are analyzed, and the influence of time-varying parameters on the control algorithm and velocity-sensorless control is discussed. A recursive least square algorithm with forgetting factor is introduced to identify the parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Based on the modified permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) model, the estimation algorithm of PMSM angle is studied. In view of the change of error and parameter of open-loop calculation in direct calculation method, the state observer method is used to observe the backEMF and calculate the position and velocity. Secondly, an adaptive law is designed by using Popov's hyperstability theory, and the model reference adaptive method is applied to the state estimation and reconstruction of the position and velocity of the motor. In order to overcome the noise disturbance in the control system, the extended Kalman filter is introduced to estimate the position and velocity. The fault tolerant control of the speed sensor can be realized by observing the position and speed of the motor. Then a software development platform based on MATLAB / Simulink is built to develop the PMSM control system, which includes automatic code generation based on the model, modular graphic programming and step by step verification. Automatic code generation based on model can effectively avoid code errors, modular graphic programming can improve the readability of programs, increase scalability and portability. Distributed verification can detect and modify program errors in time. Finally, the hardware system design method of PMSM controller is introduced. For the system structure of the controller, the power distribution and isolation are planned, and the control circuit and the driving circuit are designed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U469.72;TM341

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