本文選題：聚合物太陽能電池 + 苯并二噻吩��； 參考：《中國海洋大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的石化資源一方面面臨著能源枯竭危機,另一方面在應(yīng)用的同時也造成極大的環(huán)境污染。因此,人們急切需要開發(fā)和利用一些資源豐富、可再生利用的清潔能源,以滿足日益增長的能源需求。在各種可再生能源中,太陽能屬于取之不盡、用之不竭的可再生綠色能源。太陽能具有不受地域限制、沒有噪音、無污染、利用成本較低等優(yōu)勢,因此是人類獲取清潔能源的最佳途徑之一,而高效、方便地利用太陽能的重要方式之一就是太陽能電池的推廣應(yīng)用。相比傳統(tǒng)無機太陽能電池,有機太陽能電池能夠采用低成本的溶液加工法制備質(zhì)輕、柔性的大面積器件,而且相關(guān)材料可以輕易進行化學設(shè)計、裁剪和合成,引起了各國科學家和各大公司的濃厚興趣,迅速形成了研究熱潮。本文按照給體-受體(D-A)的設(shè)計思路,合成了一系列共軛聚合物,并對其光伏性能進行了研究。在第二章,通過Stille偶聯(lián)反應(yīng),將4,8-雙(5-(3,4,5-三(氧基)苯基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b：4,5-b']二噻吩(TOBDT)與2,3-聯(lián)苯-5,8-間(噻吩-2-基)喹喔啉(TQ1)或10,13-間(4-(2-乙基已基)噻吩-2-基)二苯并[a,c]吩嗪(TQ2)聚合得到了兩種基于苯并二噻吩和喹喔啉的共聚物。通過增加TQ2單元中的共軛程度,其聚合物表現(xiàn)出了較窄的帶隙(Eg),較低的HOMO能級和增強的鏈間的π-π相互作用。相對于TQ1,基于TQ2的聚合物太陽能電池的開路電壓(Voc)、短路電流密度(Jsc)和填充因子(FF)性能參數(shù)的同時提升�；赥Q2和PC71BM的器件獲得了4.24%的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率。這些結(jié)果初步表明通過增加受體單元(喹喔啉)的共軛程度,是一種提高聚合物太陽能電池性能的有效方法。在第三章,為了深入研究平面性,烷基側(cè)鏈引起的空間位阻及分子量的影響以得到高效率聚合物太陽能電池,我們設(shè)計并合成了一種“平整型”聚合物PTOBDTDTffBT。通過將DTffBT單元上的烷基側(cè)鏈移除,并且在BDT單元上引入了更短的辛氧基側(cè)鏈,實現(xiàn)了分子內(nèi)和分子間的空間位阻最小化。運用此空間位阻最小化策略,得到了具有高數(shù)均分子量(343.37 kg/mol),平整的共軛骨架和強聚集特性的的聚合物PTOBDTDTffBT。光學特性表明,即使在160℃下,分子間強的聚集也只能被部分破壞。理論計算提供了更為深刻的信息：聚合物骨架的扭轉(zhuǎn)角非常�。亨绶�-苯基橋使得辛氧基向聚合物骨架外移6.77A。以上兩點都確保了分子間強的聚集特性。盡管聚合物PTOBDTDTffBT擁有高平面性和強聚集特性,但掠入射X射線衍射分析表明其薄膜為無定型。聚合物PTOBDTDTffBT表現(xiàn)了深達-5.46 eV的HOMO能級和1.71 eV的窄帶隙。由于強聚集特性,PTOBDTDTffBT/PC71BM活性層表現(xiàn)出了隨溫度變化而變化的光伏特性：在100℃以下溫度旋涂活性層時,器件效率穩(wěn)定在6.6%以上；但旋涂溫度升高到120到160℃間時,短路電流和填充因子下降,器件效率也逐漸下降到3.58%。從高溫度下聚合物溶液的UV-vis吸收光譜和X射線光電子能譜分析可以推斷,器件光伏性能隨制備活性層溫度變化的原因可以解釋為：高溫度溶液中PC71BM更容易被甩出;并且AFM和TEM觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)高溫度可能導致活性層更粗糙和形貌和更大尺寸的相分離。最終,在80℃下旋涂制備活性層時,器件效率達到了7.68%,這對于“平整型”PBDT-DFffBT聚合物來說,是一個巨大的突破。
[Abstract]:On the one hand, the traditional petrochemical resources are faced with the crisis of energy exhaustion, on the other hand, it also causes great environmental pollution at the same time. Therefore, people urgently need to develop and utilize some clean energy, which are rich in resources and renewable, in order to meet the increasing energy demand. In all kinds of renewable energy, solar energy is not the one. Solar energy is one of the best ways to obtain clean energy, which is one of the most important ways for human to get clean energy. One of the most important ways to use solar energy efficiently and conveniently is the promotion and application of solar cells. Compared with the traditional inorganic solar energy. Energy batteries, organic solar cells can use low cost solution processing method to prepare light and flexible large area devices, and the related materials can be easily designed, cut and synthesized. It has aroused the interest of scientists and companies in various countries and rapidly formed a research upsurge. This paper is based on the design of the donor receptor (D-A). A series of conjugated polymers were synthesized and their photovoltaic properties were studied. In the second chapter, 4,8- double (5- (3,4,5- three (Yang Ji) phenyl) thiophene -2- based thiophene (TOBDT) and 2,3- biphenyl -5,8- (thiophene -2- based) (TQ1) or 10,13- (3,4,5-) thiophene (thiophene thiophene) two were synthesized through the coupling reaction in the second chapter. The copolymers of benzo [a, c] phenazine (TQ2) polymerization obtained two kinds of copolymers based on benzo two thiophene and chlorozine. By increasing the degree of conjugation in the TQ2 unit, the polymer shows a narrower band gap (Eg), a lower HOMO level and an enhanced interchain pion interaction. Relative to TQ1, the open circuit voltage of a TQ2 based polymer solar cell (Voc) ) the simultaneous enhancement of the short circuit current density (Jsc) and the filling factor (FF) performance parameters. The devices based on TQ2 and PC71BM obtained 4.24% photoelectric conversion efficiency. These results preliminarily indicate that by increasing the conjugation degree of the receptor unit (q), it is an effective method to improve the performance of the polymer too solar energy battery. In the third chapter, for further research We have designed and synthesized a "flat" polymer PTOBDTDTffBT. by removing the alkyl side chain on the DTffBT unit and introducing a shorter octyl side chain on the BDT unit to realize the intramolecular and the intramolecular. The spatial steric hindrance minimization between molecules. Using this space steric minimization strategy, the optical properties of polymer PTOBDTDTffBT. with high number average molecular weight (343.37 kg/mol), a flat conjugate skeleton and strong aggregation characteristics show that even at 160 C, the intermolecular strong aggregation can only be partially destroyed. Deep information: the twist angle of the polymer skeleton is very small: the thiophene phenyl bridge makes the octyl group moving to the polymer skeleton outside 6.77A., which ensures the strong intermolecular aggregation. Although the polymer PTOBDTDTffBT has high flatness and strong aggregation properties, the grazing incidence X ray diffraction analysis shows that the film is amorphous. The substance PTOBDTDTffBT shows the HOMO level of -5.46 eV and the narrow band gap of 1.71 eV. Because of the strong aggregation characteristics, the PTOBDTDTffBT/PC71BM active layer shows the photovoltaic characteristics that vary with the temperature. The efficiency of the device is more than 6.6% when the active layer is spinning below 100 centigrade, but the spin coating temperature rises to 120 to 160 centigrade. The circuit current and filling factor decrease, and the device efficiency is gradually reduced to 3.58%. from high temperature polymer solution UV-vis absorption spectrum and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, which can be explained by the reason that the photovoltaic performance of the device changes with the temperature of the active layer can be explained as the PC71BM in high temperature solution is easier to be thrown out; and the AFM and TEM view It was found that high temperature could lead to more roughness of the active layer and the phase separation of the larger size. Finally, the device efficiency reached 7.68% when the active layer was prepared at 80 degrees centigrade, which was a great breakthrough for the "flat" PBDT-DFffBT polymer.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM914.4

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