本文選題：介質(zhì)擊穿 + 儲(chǔ)能密度��； 參考：《國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于液體介質(zhì)具有較高的儲(chǔ)能密度、較好的自愈性等優(yōu)點(diǎn),被廣泛應(yīng)用在高功率脈沖設(shè)備的脈沖形成線中作儲(chǔ)能介質(zhì),但實(shí)際上工程用液體難以同時(shí)滿足高電阻率、高介電常數(shù)及高擊穿強(qiáng)度等要求。為此,本文研究了水基混合液電阻率貯存易失效的問(wèn)題,進(jìn)行了高儲(chǔ)能型液體介質(zhì)的微秒脈沖擊穿研究,并開展了加添加劑、施加壓力和納米粉體摻雜對(duì)液體脈沖絕緣特性影響的研究。這些研究對(duì)改善液體介質(zhì)儲(chǔ)能特性和脈沖功率裝置的緊湊小型化具有一定指導(dǎo)意義,本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)果如下。首先,針對(duì)以去離子水為代表的極性液體電阻率保持時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題,采用25%體積分?jǐn)?shù)的乙醇/水和乙二醇/水混合液,分別開展了電阻率保持實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。發(fā)現(xiàn)混合液的電阻率在保持時(shí)會(huì)下降,且下降過(guò)程基本可分為三個(gè)階段:快速下降、緩慢下降和恒定階段。電阻率的變化過(guò)程基本是一個(gè)電化學(xué)平衡過(guò)程,空氣和不銹鋼會(huì)導(dǎo)致水基混合液電阻率下降較快,通過(guò)除氣和采用PET塑料密閉保持可減緩下降。如采用工業(yè)試樣保持一個(gè)月后,不銹鋼試件中液體電阻率下降為保持初始值的6.1%,而PET塑料試件中液體電阻率下降為保持初始值的26%。其次,盡管水基混合液經(jīng)過(guò)一定處理能延長(zhǎng)其電阻率保持時(shí)間,但相對(duì)碳酸丙烯酯而言化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性稍差,因此開展了碳酸丙烯酯及其與碳酸乙烯酯混合液的脈沖絕緣特性的研究,并研究了施加機(jī)械壓力對(duì)其脈沖擊穿的影響。碳酸丙烯酯固有電阻率可達(dá)10 MΩ·cm以上,露天保持兩周后仍有6 MΩ·cm。其平均擊穿強(qiáng)度為398.5 k V/cm,添加碳酸乙烯酯還可進(jìn)一步提高其介電常數(shù)和儲(chǔ)能密度。加壓能有效改善碳酸丙烯酯的脈沖絕緣特性,當(dāng)靜壓從1 bar上升到11 bar時(shí),有效時(shí)間從1.24μs上升到2.79μs;歸一化擊穿場(chǎng)強(qiáng)從480.3 k V/cm上升到887.3 k V/cm;儲(chǔ)能密度提高3.4倍,從0.65 MJ/m~3上升為2.2 MJ/m~3。最后,對(duì)低介電常數(shù)的弱極性液體進(jìn)行了研究,本文以蓖麻油為基質(zhì)油,開展了添加鈦酸鋇納米粉體改性對(duì)其介電常數(shù)和脈沖絕緣特性影響的研究。改性效果因添加納米粉體的粒徑和濃度不同而不同。其中,介電常數(shù)隨所添加納米粉體的濃度提高而增大,最大能提高4倍;當(dāng)納米粉體粒徑100 nm,質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為6%時(shí),得到最佳改性效果,擊穿場(chǎng)強(qiáng)提高到1.55 MV/cm,是原油的1.25倍;儲(chǔ)能密度提高到0.67 MJ/m~3,是原油的1.6倍。添加的納米粉體濃度存在最優(yōu)值,在一定范圍內(nèi),隨納米粉體濃度的增大擊穿場(chǎng)強(qiáng)先提高后下降。
[Abstract]:Because liquid medium has the advantages of high energy storage density and good self-healing, it is widely used as energy storage medium in pulse forming line of high power pulse equipment, but in fact, it is difficult for engineering liquid to satisfy the high resistivity at the same time. High dielectric constant and high breakdown strength. Therefore, in this paper, the problem that the resistivity of aqueous mixture is easy to fail in storage is studied, the microsecond pulse breakdown of high energy storage liquid medium is studied, and the additive is added. The effect of pressure and nano-powder doping on the properties of liquid pulse insulation is studied. These studies have a certain guiding significance for improving the energy storage characteristics of liquid media and the compact miniaturization of pulse power devices. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows. Firstly, in order to solve the problem that the resistivity retention time of the polar liquid represented by deionized water is not long, 25% volume fraction of ethanol / water and ethylene glycol / water mixture were used to carry out the experimental study of resistivity retention. It is found that the resistivity of the mixture decreases when it is kept, and the decline process can be basically divided into three stages: rapid descent, slow descent and constant phase. The change process of resistivity is basically an electrochemical equilibrium process. Air and stainless steel can cause the resistivity of aqueous mixture to decrease more quickly, which can be slowed down by degassing and keeping PET plastic sealed. If the industrial specimen is used for one month, the resistivity of the liquid in the stainless steel specimen decreases to 6.1 percent of the initial value, while the liquid resistivity in the PET plastic specimen decreases to 26 percent of the initial value. Secondly, although the water-base mixture can prolong the retention time of resistivity, the chemical stability of the aqueous mixture is slightly worse than that of propylene carbonate. Therefore, the pulse insulation characteristics of propylene carbonate and its mixture with ethylene carbonate were studied, and the effect of mechanical pressure on the pulse breakdown was studied. The inherent resistivity of propylene carbonate can reach more than 10 M 惟 cm, and there is still 6 M 惟 cm in the open air after two weeks. The average breakdown strength is 398.5 kV / cm, and the dielectric constant and energy storage density can be further improved by adding ethylene carbonate. When the static pressure increased from 1 bar to 11 bar, the effective time increased from 1.24 渭 s to 2.79 渭 s, the normalized breakdown field strength increased from 480.3 kV / cm to 887.3 kV / cm, and the energy storage density increased 3.4-fold, from 0.65 MJ / m3 to 2.2 MJ / mm3. Finally, the weak polar liquid with low dielectric constant was studied. In this paper, the effects of adding barium titanate nano-powder on the dielectric constant and pulse insulation characteristics of castor oil were studied. The effect of modification varies with the particle size and concentration of nano-powder. The dielectric constant increases by 4 times with the increase of the concentration of nano-powder, and the best modification effect is obtained when the particle size is 100 nm and the mass fraction is 6. The breakdown field strength is increased to 1.55 MV / cm, which is 1.25 times of that of crude oil. The energy storage density increased to 0.67 MJ / m ~ (3), 1.6 times that of crude oil. In a certain range, the breakdown field strength increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of the concentration of nano-powder.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM21

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