本文選題：自充電電池 + 納米復(fù)合電極��； 參考：《東北大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自充電電池是納米發(fā)電機(jī)和鋰離子電池有機(jī)結(jié)合的整體,可以使能量轉(zhuǎn)換和能量存儲(chǔ)融合到一步完成,提高能量轉(zhuǎn)換和能量存儲(chǔ)的總效率。目前自充電電池由于結(jié)構(gòu)原因主要存在三個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題：電場(chǎng)利用率低,機(jī)械能損耗較大,以及負(fù)極材料儲(chǔ)鋰性能低。本論文主要針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題展開(kāi)研究工作,提出解決方案。具體展開(kāi)的研究工作內(nèi)容如下：(1)使用納米復(fù)合電極提高自充電電池性能。通過(guò)濕化學(xué)方法原位生長(zhǎng)了CuO納米陣列,再用旋涂的方法使PVDF包覆在CuO納米陣列上制備出CuO/PVDF納米復(fù)合電極,從而制備出集成自充電電池。由于CuO電極和PVDF隔膜之間更緊密的接觸以及更大的接觸面積,內(nèi)部的壓電電化學(xué)過(guò)程使得壓電電場(chǎng)得到了更充分的利用,通過(guò)復(fù)合的壓電電極集成自充電電池與非集成自充電電池相比,自充電效率得到有效提高。集成自充電電池在受到壓力大小為18 N,頻率為1.0 Hz時(shí),經(jīng)過(guò)240s的時(shí)間存儲(chǔ)的容量為0.0247μAh,能量為6.12μJ,這是同等條件下非集成自充電電池(存儲(chǔ)的容量和能量分別是0.0089 μAh和1.85μJ)的3倍。(2)使用柔性結(jié)構(gòu)提高自充電電池性能。通過(guò)水熱法制備的石墨烯納米片作為電池的負(fù)極,商用LiCoO2作為電池的正極,PVDF薄膜作為壓電隔膜,并用Kapton薄膜作為電池的電池殼取代原有的鋼殼電池殼,最后用EVA進(jìn)行封裝,成功的制備出具有良好柔韌性的柔性自充電電池。柔性自充電電池的機(jī)械能利用率得到有效提高,自充電效率得到大幅度提升。柔性自充電電池大小為34N、頻率為1.0 Hz的壓力下,通過(guò)500 s的自充電過(guò)程,電壓可以由500 mV上升到832mV,存儲(chǔ)的電量為0.266μAh。而在相同條件下,鋼殼結(jié)構(gòu)的電池存儲(chǔ)的電量?jī)H為0.031μAh。柔性自充電電池可以收集轉(zhuǎn)換并存儲(chǔ)生活環(huán)境當(dāng)中微小的機(jī)械能,在受到周期性彎曲時(shí)、經(jīng)過(guò)利用手指點(diǎn)擊以及通過(guò)車(chē)輪碾壓,都可以成功的進(jìn)行充電過(guò)程。柔性自充電電池由于其獨(dú)特的柔性結(jié)構(gòu),不僅大幅度提高了自充電電池性能,還使自充電電池的應(yīng)用范圍更加廣泛。(3)使用核殼結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)一維納米材料提高負(fù)極材料儲(chǔ)鋰性能。通過(guò)該水熱法制備了FeWO4納米棒,并使用濕化學(xué)方法制備出FeWO4-SnO2核殼結(jié)構(gòu)納米棒。將FeWO4-SnO2核殼結(jié)構(gòu)納米棒作為電池的負(fù)極儲(chǔ)鋰具有較高的比容量,并且具有良好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性能。核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的FeWO4-SnO2納米棒的可逆循環(huán)容量高達(dá)1286.9 mAh·g-1:遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地高出了單純FeWO4納米棒和Sn02的可逆容量。由于FeWO4與Sn02之間存在協(xié)同效應(yīng),FeWO4在嵌鋰后會(huì)形成具有獨(dú)特電化學(xué)性質(zhì)的金屬W和Fe納米粒子,這可以使Sn02首次嵌鋰過(guò)程中形成的不可逆Li20轉(zhuǎn)變成可逆的L^從而大幅度提高了可逆容量。
[Abstract]:Self-rechargeable battery is an organic combination of nano-generator and lithium-ion battery. It can integrate energy conversion and energy storage into one step and improve the efficiency of energy conversion and energy storage. At present, there are three main problems in self-charging battery due to structural reasons: low utilization of electric field, large mechanical energy loss, and low lithium storage performance of negative electrode materials. This paper focuses on the above-mentioned research work and proposes solutions. The main contents of the research are as follows: (1) Nano-composite electrode is used to improve the performance of self-charging battery. CuO nanoarrays were grown in situ by wet chemical method. Then PVDF was coated on CuO nanoarrays by spin coating method to prepare CuO / PVDF nanocomposite electrodes, thus the integrated self-rechargeable batteries were prepared. Because of the closer contact and larger contact area between CuO electrode and PVDF diaphragm, the piezoelectric electric field is utilized more fully because of the internal piezoelectric electrochemical process. Compared with non-integrated self-rechargeable battery, the self-charging efficiency of composite piezoelectric electrode integrated self-charging battery is improved effectively. The integrated self-charging battery is subjected to a pressure of 18 N and a frequency of 1.0 Hz. The time storage capacity of 240s is 0.0247 渭 Ahand the energy is 6.12 渭 J. this is three times of the non-integrated self-rechargeable battery (storage capacity and energy are 0.0089 渭 Ah and 1.85 渭 J respectively) under the same conditions. The flexible structure is used to improve the performance of the self-rechargeable battery. Graphene nanocrystals prepared by hydrothermal method were used as negative electrode, commercial LiCoO2 as positive electrode PVDF film as piezoelectric diaphragm, Kapton film as battery shell instead of steel shell, and EVA as encapsulation. A flexible self-rechargeable battery with good flexibility was successfully prepared. The mechanical energy utilization of flexible self-rechargeable battery is improved effectively and the self-charging efficiency is greatly improved. The voltage of the flexible self-rechargeable battery can be increased from 500mV to 832mV under the pressure of 34N and the frequency of 1.0Hz, and the stored energy is 0.266 渭 Ah.Through the self-charging process of 500s, the voltage can be increased from 500mV to 832mV. Under the same conditions, the battery storage capacity of the steel shell structure is only 0.031 渭 Ah. Flexible self-rechargeable batteries can collect and store the tiny mechanical energy in the living environment. When they are subjected to periodic bending, they can be successfully charged through finger clicks and wheel compaction. Because of its unique flexible structure, flexible self-rechargeable battery not only greatly improves the self-charging battery performance, but also makes the self-rechargeable battery more widely used. (3) the core shell structure quasi-one-dimensional nano-materials are used to improve the lithium storage performance of negative electrode materials. Fewo _ 4 nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal method, and Fewo _ 4-SnO _ 2 nanorods with core-shell structure were prepared by wet chemical method. Fewo _ 4-SnO _ 2 nanorods have high specific capacity and good cycling stability. The reversible cycle capacity of core-shell Fewo _ 4-SnO _ 2 nanorods is up to 1286.9 mAh g-1, which is far higher than that of pure FeWO4 nanorods and Sn02 nanorods. Because of the synergistic effect between FeWO4 and Sn02, FeWO _ 4 can form metal W and Fe nanoparticles with unique electrochemical properties after lithium intercalation. This can make the irreversible Li20 formed in the first lithium intercalation process of Sn02 into a reversible L ^, thus greatly increasing the reversible capacity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM910

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