本文選題：柴油發(fā)電機 + 數(shù)字電子調(diào)速器　； 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：柴油發(fā)電機組被廣泛應(yīng)用在社會生產(chǎn)中,如機關(guān)單位、野外作業(yè)等領(lǐng)域的備用電源。發(fā)電機組的速度特性對供電質(zhì)量影響較大,為了保證供電品質(zhì),柴油發(fā)電機組都需配備調(diào)速器,以確保負載變化時,柴油機轉(zhuǎn)速能保持穩(wěn)定。當(dāng)前我國中小功率柴油發(fā)電機組基本依然采用模擬電子調(diào)速器,數(shù)字電子式的很少,且控制方法多為常規(guī)PID,難以滿足復(fù)雜工況下的調(diào)速要求。鑒于此,本文展開了智能控制方面的研究,以期開發(fā)出性能可靠、通用性強的數(shù)字電子調(diào)速器。本文分析研究了柴油發(fā)電機的工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)組成及柴油機的工作特性,在此基礎(chǔ)上,展開了柴油機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的討論,給出了調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,提出了幾種評判系統(tǒng)性能優(yōu)劣的指標(biāo),如穩(wěn)態(tài)波動率、瞬時調(diào)速率以及恢復(fù)時間等�？刂扑惴ǚ矫�,本文在常規(guī)數(shù)字PID基礎(chǔ)上,引入了神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和模糊控制,在MATLAB下建立了單神經(jīng)元PID和模糊自適應(yīng)PID的控制系統(tǒng)模型,并分別進行了階躍響應(yīng)測試、抗干擾測試以及自適應(yīng)性測試。仿真結(jié)果表明,基于智能控制的PID調(diào)速系統(tǒng),具有超調(diào)量小、響應(yīng)迅速及調(diào)速平穩(wěn)的特點,系統(tǒng)動、靜態(tài)品質(zhì)得到顯著改善;且控制對象參數(shù)變化時,系統(tǒng)適應(yīng)性更強,魯棒性更好,能較好滿足柴油機多工況運行要求�？紤]到模糊規(guī)則主要依據(jù)專家經(jīng)驗制定,系統(tǒng)性能受人為因素影響較大,而單神經(jīng)元PID是根據(jù)控制對象的工況特性,在線修正連接權(quán)值、尋找PID參數(shù)最佳組合的,受外界影響較小,且算法簡單、易于編程實現(xiàn),故本文最終選擇單神經(jīng)元PID作為數(shù)字調(diào)速器的基本算法。電路設(shè)計方面,本文硬件電路包括:單片機最小系統(tǒng)、電源模塊、轉(zhuǎn)速信號整形電路、執(zhí)行器驅(qū)動電路、電壓電流采樣電路以及其他輔助電路。其中,微處理器為16位的PIC24FJ64GA002型單片機,利用其高精度輸入捕捉模塊采集轉(zhuǎn)速信號,輸出16位分辨率的PWM,控制執(zhí)行器驅(qū)動電路中三極管的通斷,通過改變PWM占空比來調(diào)節(jié)執(zhí)行器中的電流,進而調(diào)節(jié)柴油機供油量。軟件方面,本文詳細介紹了軟件設(shè)計的基本思想,核心算法為單神經(jīng)元PID。在啟動階段,本文設(shè)計了特殊的正弦式油量控制曲線,以實現(xiàn)煙量控制。此外,本文在康明斯220KW柴油發(fā)電機組上進行了配機實驗,實驗結(jié)果表明,基于單神經(jīng)元PID的數(shù)字電子調(diào)速器靈敏度高,控制精度高,調(diào)速性能優(yōu)良,滿足發(fā)電機組的使用要求。
[Abstract]:Diesel generator sets are widely used in social production, such as government units, field operations and other areas of backup power supply. In order to ensure the quality of power supply, diesel generator sets need to be equipped with governor to ensure that the speed of diesel engine can keep stable when the load changes. At present, analog electronic governor is still used in medium and small power diesel generator sets in our country. The digital electronic governor is rarely used, and the control methods are mostly conventional PIDs, so it is difficult to meet the requirements of speed regulation under complex operating conditions. In view of this, the research of intelligent control is carried out in this paper, in order to develop a digital electronic governor with reliable performance and strong versatility. In this paper, the working principle, structure composition and working characteristics of diesel generator are analyzed and studied. On the basis of this, the discussion of diesel governing system is carried out, and the mathematical model of the speed regulation system is given. Several indexes to evaluate the performance of the system, such as steady state volatility, instantaneous tuning rate and recovery time, are proposed. In terms of control algorithm, this paper introduces neural network and fuzzy control on the basis of conventional digital pid, establishes the control system model of single neuron pid and fuzzy adaptive pid under MATLAB, and carries out step response test respectively. Anti-jamming test and self-adaptation test. The simulation results show that the pid speed control system based on intelligent control has the characteristics of small overshoot, quick response and stable speed regulation, and the dynamic and static quality of the system is improved significantly, and the system is more adaptable when the parameters of the control object change. The robustness of diesel engine is better and it can better meet the requirements of diesel engine running under multiple working conditions. Considering that the fuzzy rules are mainly based on expert experience, the system performance is greatly affected by human factors, and the single neuron pid is based on the operating conditions of the control object, the connection weight is online revised to find the best combination of pid parameters. The algorithm is simple and easy to program, so this paper chooses single neuron pid as the basic algorithm of digital governor. In the aspect of circuit design, the hardware circuit of this paper includes: single chip microcomputer minimum system, power supply module, speed signal shaping circuit, actuator driving circuit, voltage and current sampling circuit and other auxiliary circuits. Among them, the microprocessor is a 16-bit PIC24FJ64GA002 single-chip microcomputer, which uses its high-precision input capture module to collect the rotational speed signal, outputs the 16-bit resolution PWMM, and controls the switching on and off of the transistor in the actuator drive circuit. The current in the actuator is adjusted by changing the PWM duty cycle, and then the fuel supply of the diesel engine is adjusted. In software aspect, this paper introduces the basic idea of software design in detail, the core algorithm is single neuron PIDs. In the starting stage, a special sinusoidal oil quantity control curve is designed to realize the smoke control. In addition, the experiment on Cummins 220KW diesel generator set shows that the digital electronic governor based on single neuron pid has high sensitivity, high control precision and excellent speed regulation performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM314;TP273

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本文編號：2048353