本文選題：光伏組件 + 灰塵效應(yīng)　； 參考：《重慶理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：光伏組件是把太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能的裝置，預(yù)期壽命20-25年。光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率是其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)指標(biāo)，多種因素導(dǎo)致電池片的轉(zhuǎn)化效率隨時(shí)間延續(xù)而降低，其中環(huán)境因素導(dǎo)致的效率下降要顯著和嚴(yán)重多，尤其是灰塵效應(yīng)。嚴(yán)重的灰塵覆蓋除了降低效率外，還可能導(dǎo)致光伏組件燒毀而失去光電轉(zhuǎn)化的功能。避免、減少或清除光伏組件表面的灰塵覆蓋是非常必要和重要的工作。 本文在分析了光伏組件的結(jié)構(gòu)、灰塵覆蓋的規(guī)律和灰塵顆粒本身物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)、制造和驗(yàn)證了一種外置機(jī)械式光伏組件自動(dòng)除塵裝置。該裝置除塵無(wú)需水或清潔劑輔助，且具有智能、低耗、自清潔和無(wú)二次污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。測(cè)試表明：該裝置技術(shù)可行、設(shè)計(jì)合理、動(dòng)作準(zhǔn)確可靠，具有應(yīng)用推廣價(jià)值。 首先，對(duì)光伏組件的結(jié)構(gòu)、灰塵效應(yīng)的一般規(guī)律，以及理想的除塵裝置應(yīng)該具有的基本技術(shù)特征進(jìn)行了分析。根據(jù)光伏組件自動(dòng)除塵裝置的目標(biāo)要求，確定了總體方案和工藝路線(xiàn)，為該裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)提供了依據(jù)。結(jié)合大量文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研，借助Catia三維軟件，自主設(shè)計(jì)了一套無(wú)液體輔助滾刷旋轉(zhuǎn)式智能除塵裝置。該裝置包括動(dòng)力源，傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)和控制部分。 借助Adams仿真軟件對(duì)凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)和傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性和運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析，對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)性能的進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證和為后續(xù)的自動(dòng)化控制提供優(yōu)化依據(jù)。為提高關(guān)鍵零部件剛度、強(qiáng)度、穩(wěn)定性、使用壽命和輕量化要求，以及補(bǔ)償零件加工過(guò)程的缺陷，使用HyperWorks有限元分析軟件對(duì)裝置的關(guān)鍵性零部件進(jìn)行有限元分析以及優(yōu)化改進(jìn)。 根據(jù)機(jī)械裝置動(dòng)作和自動(dòng)除塵系統(tǒng)控制要求，利用單片機(jī)對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行總系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和控制流程設(shè)計(jì)。包括動(dòng)作控制部分，自動(dòng)檢測(cè)部分，遠(yuǎn)程接收指令部分和總系統(tǒng)框架，保證光伏組件自動(dòng)除塵裝置的運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、可靠。 最后，，對(duì)樣機(jī)進(jìn)行運(yùn)行分析和除塵效果的測(cè)試對(duì)比分析，結(jié)果表明該樣機(jī)運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，除塵效果顯著，具有積極的工程實(shí)踐意義。
[Abstract]:Photovoltaic modules are devices that convert solar energy into electricity, with a life expectancy of 20-25 years. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is the key technical index. A variety of factors lead to the reduction of the conversion efficiency over time, among which the environmental factors lead to a significant and serious decline in efficiency, especially the dust effect. In addition to reducing efficiency, severe dust cover may cause photovoltaic modules to burn and lose the function of photovoltaic conversion. It is essential and important to avoid, reduce or remove dust cover on the surface of photovoltaic modules. Based on the analysis of the structure of photovoltaic module, the rule of dust coverage and the physical and chemical properties of dust particles, an external mechanical photovoltaic module automatic dedusting device is designed, manufactured and verified in this paper. The dedusting device does not require water or cleaning agent, and has the advantages of intelligence, low consumption, self cleaning and no secondary pollution. The test results show that the device is feasible in technology, reasonable in design, accurate and reliable in operation, and has application value. Firstly, the structure of photovoltaic module, the general rule of dust effect and the basic technical characteristics of ideal dust removal device are analyzed. According to the objective requirement of the photovoltaic module automatic dust removal device, the overall scheme and process route are determined, which provides the basis for the structure design of the device. With the aid of Catia 3D software, a set of intelligent dedusting device without liquid assisted rolling brush was designed in combination with a large number of literatures. The device comprises a power source, a transmission mechanism, an actuator and a control section. The kinematic characteristics and laws of cam mechanism and transmission mechanism are analyzed with Adams simulation software. The kinematic performance of the mechanism is verified and the optimization basis for subsequent automatic control is provided. In order to improve the stiffness, strength, stability, service life and lightweight requirement of the key parts, and to compensate for the defects of the machining process, the finite element analysis software HyperWorks is used to analyze and optimize the key parts of the device. According to the control requirements of mechanical device and automatic dust removal system, the total system design and control flow design of the whole system are carried out by using single chip microcomputer. The utility model includes an action control part, an automatic detection part, a remote receiving instruction part and a general system framework to ensure the operation stability and reliability of the photovoltaic module automatic dust removal device. Finally, the operation analysis and dust removal effect of the prototype are compared and analyzed. The results show that the prototype runs smoothly and the dust removal effect is remarkable, which is of active engineering significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM615

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