本文選題：太陽能電池 + 可靠性　； 參考：《西安電子科技大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類社會越來越快的發(fā)展,人們亟需可代替化石燃料的新能源,即太陽能、生物質(zhì)能、風能、海洋能、水能等。這些能源中,大部分都是來源于太陽能,并且由于太陽能取之不盡、用之不竭,在使用過程中無污染等特點,在這些新能源中占據(jù)著舉足輕重的地位。對太陽能的利用主要有三種形式:光化學轉換、光熱轉換和光電轉換,其中,光電轉換是使用太陽能電池來實現(xiàn)的�，F(xiàn)階段,對太陽能電池的研究主要集中在兩個方面,一是提高太陽能電池的轉換效率并降低成本,二是研究太陽能電池的質(zhì)量并進行可靠性的分析,提高可靠性表征方法的靈敏度及準確性。我們主要關注太陽能電池的可靠性分析。目前,對太陽能電池可靠性的表征方法有很多,如通過測量太陽能電池的I-V特性,提取各種電學參量;用光學顯微鏡與掃描電子顯微鏡直接觀察太陽能電池的缺陷;用場致發(fā)光研究太陽能電池反向擊穿特性等等。但是這些方法對太陽能電池材料和結構的缺陷的靈敏度不夠,測量方法復雜,對參數(shù)的提取方法不相同時結果差異較大。噪聲作為太陽能電池質(zhì)量和可靠性評估的一種工具,其有效性與靈敏性已經(jīng)獲得了廣泛的認可,并且由于其無損的特性,噪聲受到越來越多的研究者的重視。通過分析太陽能電池內(nèi)部的缺陷及這些缺陷產(chǎn)生的噪聲,就可以得到太陽能電池內(nèi)部更多的可靠性信息。本文首先綜述了太陽能電池的電學特性與噪聲特性,在分析了高低溫交變應力下硅基太陽能電池的失效模式與失效機理的基礎上,制定了硅基太陽能電池高低溫交變的實驗方案,包括實驗樣品的選擇、高低溫交變應力實驗條件的選擇與實驗過程的說明,同時根據(jù)實驗室已有的設備提出了噪聲測試方法。通過對實驗結果的分析,說明了噪聲表征太陽能電池可靠性的有效性與靈敏性。得到了太陽能電池噪聲與各種參量的相互關系,即初始1/f噪聲與壽命的變化正相關,與效率的變化反相關,與串聯(lián)電阻的變化反相關和與并聯(lián)電阻的變化正相關。最后,在載流子數(shù)漲落和遷移率漲落的1/f噪聲模型基礎上建立了太陽能電池1/f噪聲的統(tǒng)一模型,并對太陽能電池噪聲與各種參量的關系進行了理論分析。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of human society, new energy sources, such as solar energy, biomass energy, wind energy, ocean energy, water energy and so on, are urgently needed to replace fossil fuels. Most of these energy sources come from solar energy, and because of the inexhaustible, inexhaustible and non-polluting characteristics of solar energy, it plays an important role in these new energy sources. There are three main forms of solar energy utilization: photochemical conversion, photothermal conversion and photoelectric conversion. At present, the research on solar cells is mainly focused on two aspects: one is to improve the conversion efficiency and reduce the cost of solar cells, the other is to study the quality and reliability of solar cells. Improve the sensitivity and accuracy of reliability characterization. We focus on the reliability analysis of solar cells. At present, there are many methods to characterize the reliability of solar cells, such as extracting various electrical parameters by measuring the I-V characteristics of solar cells, observing the defects of solar cells directly by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Field luminescence is used to study the reverse breakdown characteristics of solar cells and so on. However, the sensitivity of these methods to the defects of solar cell materials and structures is not enough, the measurement methods are complex, and the results are quite different when the extraction methods of parameters are different. Noise, as a tool for evaluating the quality and reliability of solar cells, has been widely recognized for its effectiveness and sensitivity. Because of its nondestructive properties, noise has been paid more and more attention to by more and more researchers. By analyzing the internal defects of solar cells and the noise caused by these defects, more reliability information can be obtained. In this paper, the electrical and noise characteristics of solar cells are reviewed, and the failure modes and failure mechanisms of silicon based solar cells under high and low temperature alternating stress are analyzed. The experimental scheme of high and low temperature alternation of silicon based solar cells was established, including the selection of experimental samples, the selection of experimental conditions of high and low temperature alternating stress and the explanation of the experimental process. At the same time, the noise measurement method was put forward according to the existing equipment in the laboratory. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the effectiveness and sensitivity of the noise characterization of the reliability of solar cells are demonstrated. The correlation between the noise of solar cells and various parameters is obtained, that is, the initial 1 / f noise is positively correlated with the change of life, the change of efficiency, the change of series resistance and the change of parallel resistance. Finally, based on the 1 / f noise model of carrier number fluctuation and mobility fluctuation, a unified model of solar cell 1 / f noise is established, and the relationship between solar cell noise and various parameters is analyzed theoretically.
【學位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM914.41

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本文編號：2028005