本文選題：暴雨 + 空氣間隙��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，暴雨天氣嚴(yán)重影響超高壓輸電線路的安全運(yùn)行。國內(nèi)外雖然系統(tǒng)研究了外絕緣的淋雨特性，但極少開展暴雨條件下輸電線路外絕緣放電特性的研究。本文通過人工模擬和自然環(huán)境試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)地研究了暴雨條件下棒-板短空氣間隙的擊穿特性、擊穿過程以及擊穿模型，論文的主要工作如下： 在人工氣候室試驗(yàn)研究了0.2~0.7m棒-板短空氣間隙暴雨條件下的交、直流擊穿特性，分析比較了淋雨強(qiáng)度、水電阻率和環(huán)境溫度對間隙擊穿電壓的影響，結(jié)果表明，棒-板短空氣間隙的交、直流擊穿電壓均隨淋雨強(qiáng)度的增大而線性減小，隨環(huán)境溫度的升高而線性增大；水電阻率對間隙擊穿電壓的影響較小。在現(xiàn)場暴雨條件下試驗(yàn)研究了10cm棒-板短空氣間隙的交、直流擊穿特性，結(jié)果表明自然降雨條件下棒-板短間隙的交、直流擊穿電壓均隨降雨強(qiáng)度增大而線性減小，降雨強(qiáng)度為0~4.0mm/min時(shí)，其降低幅度分別為13.6%和9.3%；提出了暴雨條件下棒-板短空氣間隙交流擊穿電壓的校正公式，試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證表明本文提出的校正公式計(jì)算結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的相對誤差小于5.7%。 試驗(yàn)研究了棒-板短空氣間隙棒電極末端有水柱時(shí)的交流擊穿特性，結(jié)果表明，間隙中的水柱會(huì)使間隙交流擊穿電壓降低幅度達(dá)到40%；分析得到了水柱流速、水柱直徑對間隙交流擊穿電壓的影響規(guī)律，，即棒-板短空氣間隙交流擊穿電壓與水柱流速呈負(fù)指數(shù)關(guān)系，與水柱初始直徑呈負(fù)線性關(guān)系。 利用高速攝像機(jī)研究了電場對水柱斷裂特性的影響，結(jié)果表明，電場作用下水柱臨界斷裂長度、斷裂水滴尺寸以及斷裂時(shí)間都會(huì)隨外加電壓的增大而呈指數(shù)規(guī)律減��；發(fā)現(xiàn)斷裂水滴在外加電壓較高(40kV以上)時(shí)會(huì)偏離水柱軸線運(yùn)動(dòng)，并指出水柱的螺旋運(yùn)動(dòng)是引起該現(xiàn)象的主要原因；得到了水柱臨界斷裂長度、斷裂水滴尺寸、斷裂時(shí)間與外加電壓的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系式，分析了水柱流速、直徑對其的影響；研究發(fā)現(xiàn)斷裂水滴數(shù)目、水滴徑向運(yùn)動(dòng)速度與外加電壓有關(guān)，相同流速下，外加電壓越大，斷裂水滴數(shù)目越多、水滴徑向運(yùn)動(dòng)速度越大。 通過高速攝像機(jī)拍攝了棒電極末端有水柱時(shí)的間隙擊穿圖像，提出間隙擊穿時(shí)，放電電弧首先起始于噴嘴電極，并沿水柱表面發(fā)展，在經(jīng)過離水柱尖端距離最近的水滴后貫穿剩余空氣間隙；研究發(fā)現(xiàn)間隙擊穿前幾個(gè)毫秒，離水柱尖端距離最近的水滴會(huì)在電場作用下朝水柱方向拉長并形成曲率半徑很小的“凸起”，由此引發(fā)放電朝水滴發(fā)展；根據(jù)該擊穿過程，建立了棒-板短空氣間隙擊穿模型，該模型由水柱-水滴間隙與水滴-板間隙組成，研究結(jié)果表明模型計(jì)算結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果偏差小于12%。
[Abstract]:Operation experience shows that heavy rain weather seriously affects the safe operation of EHV transmission lines. Although the rain characteristics of external insulation are systematically studied at home and abroad, the discharge characteristics of external insulation of transmission lines are seldom studied under heavy rain conditions. In this paper, the breakdown characteristics, breakdown process and breakdown model of rod-plate short air gap under heavy rain are systematically studied by artificial simulation and natural environment test. The main work of this paper is as follows: the characteristics of AC and DC breakdown under the condition of 0.2m rod-plate short air gap rainstorm are studied in an artificial climate chamber, and the rain intensity is analyzed and compared. The effect of water resistivity and ambient temperature on gap breakdown voltage is studied. The results show that the AC and DC breakdown voltage of short air gap decrease linearly with the increase of rain intensity and increase linearly with the increase of ambient temperature. Water resistivity has little effect on gap breakdown voltage. The AC and DC breakdown characteristics of short air gap between 10cm rod and plate were studied under the condition of field rainstorm. The results show that the AC and DC breakdown voltage of short gap between rod and plate decrease linearly with the increase of rainfall intensity under the condition of natural rainfall. When the rainfall intensity is 0~4.0mm/min, the decreasing amplitude is 13.6% and 9.3% respectively, and the correction formula of the AC breakdown voltage of the short air gap between the rod and the plate under heavy rain is put forward. The experimental results show that the relative error between the calculated results and the experimental results is less than 5.7. The characteristics of AC breakdown at the end of rod electrode with short air gap between rod and plate are studied. The results show that the water column in the gap can reduce the gap breakdown voltage to 40 percent, and the flow velocity of water column is obtained. The effect of water column diameter on gap AC breakdown voltage is negative exponential relationship with water column velocity and negative linear relationship with initial diameter of water column. The effect of electric field on the fracture characteristics of water column is studied by using high speed camera. The results show that the critical fracture length of water column, the size of water droplet and the fracture time decrease exponentially with the increase of applied voltage. It is found that the water droplets deviate from the axis of the water column when the applied voltage is higher than 40 kV, and it is pointed out that the spiral motion of the water column is the main cause of this phenomenon, and the critical fracture length of the water column and the size of the water droplet are obtained. The relationship between the breaking time and the applied voltage, the influence of the velocity and diameter of the water column on it is analyzed, it is found that the number of the broken water droplets, the radial velocity of the water droplets and the applied voltage are related to the applied voltage, and the greater the applied voltage is at the same velocity of flow, The more the number of broken water droplets, the larger the radial velocity of water droplets. The gap breakdown image of the rod electrode with water column at the end of the rod electrode was captured by a high speed camera. It was proposed that the discharge arc first started from the nozzle electrode and developed along the water column surface. Through the remaining air gap after passing through the water droplets closest to the tip of the water column; the study found that the gap broke down a few milliseconds before, The water droplets closest to the tip of the water column will elongate towards the water column under the action of an electric field and form a "bulge" with a very small curvature radius, which causes the discharge to develop towards the water droplet. According to the breakdown process, a short air gap breakdown model of the rod plate is established. The model consists of water column-water droplet gap and water drop-plate gap. The results show that the deviation between the calculated results and the experimental results is less than 12.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM852;P426.615

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