本文選題：激振聲學(xué) + 缺陷檢測�。� 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾年來,我國電力工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,發(fā)電機(jī)裝機(jī)容量逐年增加。絕緣子作為輸變電設(shè)備不可缺少的組成部分,與電力工業(yè)的發(fā)展密不可分。絕緣子是安裝在不同電位的導(dǎo)體之間或?qū)w與地電位構(gòu)件之間,能夠耐受電壓和機(jī)械應(yīng)力作用的器件。絕緣子不應(yīng)該由于環(huán)境和電負(fù)荷條件發(fā)生變化導(dǎo)致的各種機(jī)電應(yīng)力而失效,否則絕緣子發(fā)生故障甚至損壞,就會(huì)導(dǎo)致整條線路的故障。因此尋找一種方便快捷、安全高效、成本相對(duì)較低的絕緣子無損在線檢測方法,是非常必要的,早在上世紀(jì)八十年代,激振聲學(xué)檢測法由俄羅斯科學(xué)家應(yīng)用于電力系統(tǒng)瓷支柱絕緣子缺陷檢測,聲學(xué)檢測技術(shù)作為一種簡便、準(zhǔn)確的檢測方法不僅在電力系統(tǒng)絕緣設(shè)各檢測上具有很好的應(yīng)用前景,在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的檢測中也具有非常廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文的具體研究內(nèi)容如下：首先介紹了絕緣子的類型、應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀、以及造成絕緣子缺陷的原因,并對(duì)常見的絕緣子缺陷檢測方法進(jìn)行介紹,分析各種檢測方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了激振聲學(xué)檢測,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的介紹分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了本文主要研究內(nèi)容。接下來介紹了基于激振聲學(xué)檢測的有關(guān)的理論基礎(chǔ),從簡諧振動(dòng)和傅里葉分解開始,介紹了振動(dòng)的原理,并以單自由度振子為例,闡述了頻率對(duì)物體剛度的影響：介紹了振動(dòng)信號(hào)的采集和處理方法；引用文獻(xiàn)中支柱絕緣子的模型仿真運(yùn)算結(jié)果,為后續(xù)的檢測對(duì)比提供了理論基礎(chǔ)和判斷方法。從整體設(shè)計(jì)方案開始,介紹了各個(gè)模塊的設(shè)計(jì)原理及方案,包括供電模塊、激振子驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊、信號(hào)接收模塊、CPU相關(guān)的各部分功能電路設(shè)計(jì),并對(duì)各個(gè)模塊部分進(jìn)行測試聯(lián)調(diào),確保設(shè)備能正常運(yùn)行。對(duì)一個(gè)完整的銅柱建模仿真,得到前幾階振動(dòng)模態(tài),用檢測設(shè)備對(duì)其進(jìn)行檢測,得到銅柱的頻譜,將仿真結(jié)果和檢測結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比；再用鋼柱進(jìn)行人為破壞試驗(yàn),再次仿真檢測,對(duì)比切割前后的頻譜,結(jié)合理論進(jìn)行分析。最后到變電站對(duì)110kV母線支柱絕緣子進(jìn)行實(shí)地檢測,將檢測結(jié)果批量導(dǎo)入電腦進(jìn)行分析,得出檢測判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；同時(shí)對(duì)某些特殊絕緣子的測試結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,為制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the electric power industry of our country develops rapidly, the installed capacity of generator increases year by year. As an indispensable part of power transmission equipment, insulator is closely related to the development of electric power industry. Insulators are devices which are installed between conductors with different potentials or between conductors and ground potential members to withstand the action of voltage and mechanical stress. Insulators should not be invalidated due to various electromechanical stresses caused by changes in environment and electrical load conditions, otherwise the insulators may fail or even be damaged, which will lead to the fault of the whole line. Therefore, it is very necessary to find a convenient, safe, efficient and relatively low-cost method for nondestructive on-line testing of insulators, as early as the eighties of the last century. The method of acoustical detection of excited vibration is applied by Russian scientists to the defect detection of insulators on porcelain pillars of power system. As a simple and accurate method, acoustic detection technology has a good application prospect not only in the detection of insulation in power system, but also in the detection of insulators in power system. It is also widely used in the detection of industrial production. The specific research contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the types of insulators, the current application status and the causes of insulator defects are introduced, and the common methods of insulator defect detection are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of various detection methods are analyzed. On this basis, the exciting acoustic detection is proposed and analyzed in detail. On this basis, the main research content of this paper is put forward. Then the theoretical basis of acoustic detection based on excited vibration is introduced. Starting with simple harmonic vibration and Fourier decomposition, the principle of vibration is introduced, and a single degree of freedom oscillator is taken as an example. The influence of frequency on the stiffness of object is expounded. The method of vibration signal acquisition and processing is introduced, and the simulation results of model of pillar insulator in literature are cited, which provides the theoretical basis and judgment method for the subsequent detection and comparison. Starting from the overall design scheme, the design principle and scheme of each module are introduced, including power supply module, exciton drive module, signal receiving module and CPU related functional circuit design, and each module part is tested and adjusted. Make sure the equipment works properly. For a complete copper column modeling and simulation, the first several vibration modes are obtained, and the frequency spectrum of the copper column is obtained by testing equipment. The simulation results are compared with the test results, and then the artificial failure test is carried out with the steel column. Again simulation detection, contrast the frequency spectrum before and after cutting, combined with the theory to analyze. Finally, the 110 kV busbar pole insulator is tested in the substation, and the test results are imported into the computer in batches for analysis, and the test results of some special insulators are analyzed, which provides a reference for the establishment of the standard.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM216

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本文編號(hào)：2009223