本文選題：分布式實(shí)時(shí)仿真 + 微電網(wǎng)�。� 參考：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：實(shí)時(shí)仿真是電力系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)研究、規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)、評(píng)估分析的重要工具。隨著電力電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，面向微電網(wǎng)等新型電力系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)仿真呈現(xiàn)出剛性求解、非線性、高速計(jì)算的特點(diǎn)，這就對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)仿真平臺(tái)的開發(fā)帶來了困難與挑戰(zhàn)。基于PC的實(shí)時(shí)仿真機(jī)在仿真求解速度上難以令人滿意，基于FPGA、DSP的實(shí)時(shí)仿真器建模困難、開發(fā)周期長，因此基于多樣化處理器協(xié)作的分布式實(shí)時(shí)仿真成為電力系統(tǒng)仿真平臺(tái)發(fā)展的潮流。本文基于FPGA實(shí)時(shí)仿真板卡與運(yùn)行QNX實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)的PC實(shí)時(shí)仿真機(jī)，研究了面向微電網(wǎng)換流器應(yīng)用的實(shí)時(shí)多速率協(xié)同仿真平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)，兼顧仿真速度、精度與建模靈活性。本文的主要工作如下： 1.研究了解決微電網(wǎng)剛性仿真問題的實(shí)時(shí)多速率仿真方法。本文基于狀態(tài)空間建模手段，采用時(shí)域分割方法，將微電網(wǎng)仿真模型分割為快速變化的電路子系統(tǒng)與慢速變化的控制子系統(tǒng)，利用實(shí)時(shí)多速率求解方法進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)仿真。 2.完成了基于FPGA、PC的實(shí)時(shí)多速率協(xié)同仿真平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。本文提出了多速率仿真平臺(tái)的架構(gòu)和仿真流程，在此基礎(chǔ)上搭建了QNX實(shí)時(shí)仿真引擎，設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了FPGA實(shí)時(shí)多速率仿真接口控制模塊，包括高精度時(shí)鐘同步、高速仿真數(shù)據(jù)交互模塊。QNX仿真機(jī)時(shí)鐘抖動(dòng)控制在0.8s以內(nèi)，，仿真數(shù)據(jù)交互每10s完成一次。 3.研究了FPGA高速仿真求解器的改進(jìn)與實(shí)現(xiàn)，包括線性狀態(tài)空間求解器和換流器非線性求解器。設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于浮點(diǎn)數(shù)的離散狀態(tài)空間方程組求解器和換流器非線性求解器。仿真步長能夠達(dá)到200~500ns，求解器支持模型參數(shù)重配置。 4.開展了三相兩電平逆變算例的實(shí)時(shí)仿真試驗(yàn)研究。以離線精確模型為基準(zhǔn)，將實(shí)時(shí)多速率仿真平臺(tái)與傳統(tǒng)PC實(shí)時(shí)仿真機(jī)從仿真波形、仿真結(jié)果歐式誤差方面進(jìn)行比較評(píng)估。本文設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的FPGA、PC實(shí)時(shí)分布式仿真平臺(tái)能夠承擔(dān)微電網(wǎng)換流器系統(tǒng)仿真任務(wù)，電磁暫態(tài)模擬精確，電路仿真步長達(dá)到0.2~0.5s，仿真精度達(dá)到歐式誤差1%左右。而PC實(shí)時(shí)仿真機(jī)不能滿足高頻換流器的仿真需求。
[Abstract]:Real-time simulation is an important tool for power system experimental research, planning and design, evaluation and analysis. With the development of power electronics technology, real-time simulation of new power systems such as micro-grid presents the characteristics of rigid solution, nonlinear and high-speed computing, which brings difficulties and challenges to the development of real-time simulation platform. The real-time simulation machine based on PC is difficult to solve the problem satisfactorily, and the real-time simulator based on FPGA DSP is difficult to model and has a long development period. Therefore, distributed real-time simulation based on the cooperation of multiple processors has become the trend of power system simulation platform. Based on FPGA real-time simulation board and PC real-time simulation computer running QNX real-time operating system, this paper studies the design and realization of real-time multi-rate collaborative simulation platform for the application of microgrid converter, which takes into account the simulation speed, precision and modeling flexibility. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The real-time multi-rate simulation method to solve the rigid simulation problem of micro-grid is studied. Based on the method of state space modeling, the simulation model of microgrid is divided into a fast changing circuit subsystem and a slow changing control subsystem, and the real-time multi-rate solution method is used for real-time simulation. 2. The design and implementation of real-time multi-rate collaborative simulation platform based on FPGA PC is completed. In this paper, the architecture and simulation flow of the multi-rate simulation platform are presented. On this basis, the QNX real-time simulation engine is built, and the FPGA real-time multi-rate simulation interface control module is designed and implemented, including high-precision clock synchronization. The clock jitter of QNX simulator is controlled within 0.8 s, and the simulation data interaction is completed every 10 s. 3. The improvement and implementation of FPGA high-speed simulation solver including linear state space solver and converter nonlinear solver are studied. The discrete state space equations solver and converter nonlinear solver based on floating point number are designed and implemented. The simulation step can reach 200ns and the solver supports the reconfiguration of model parameters. 4. The real-time simulation of three-phase two-level inverter is carried out. Based on the off-line accurate model, the real-time multi-rate simulation platform and the traditional PC real-time simulation machine are compared and evaluated from the aspects of simulation waveform and Euclidean error. The FPGA PC real-time distributed simulation platform designed in this paper can undertake the task of microgrid converter system simulation, the electromagnetic transient simulation is accurate, the circuit simulation step size reaches 0.2 ~ 0.5s, and the simulation accuracy reaches about 1% of the Euclidean error. PC real-time simulation machine can not meet the needs of high-frequency converter simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM743

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