本文選題：植物葉片氣孔 + 小孔擴散率　； 參考：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：植物是支撐地球生物圈的第一生產(chǎn)者,它有著很多與我們?nèi)祟惡推渌螒B(tài)截然不同的生命活動特點,這些特定生命現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生場所大多就在植物葉片的氣孔中。本文從仿生學的視覺出發(fā),借鑒植物葉片氣孔高效擴散效應(yīng)和選擇性通透的一系列特征,將鋅空氣電池作為工作載體,以實驗探索與理論分析兩者相結(jié)合的手段,通過研究鋅空氣電池在不同環(huán)境下的失水情況和覆蓋仿生葉片對其失水和工作的影響,初步探索了氧氣和水蒸汽在通過微米級小孔時所表現(xiàn)出來的不同現(xiàn)象及其機理。本文的主要工作包括：第一,改變環(huán)境溫度、相對濕度和空氣流通速度這三種環(huán)境因素,探索了環(huán)境因素對鋅空氣電池失水的影響,并進一步證明了“失水”在鋅空氣電池的工作中的緊要性；第二,制作仿生葉片,并覆蓋于鋅空氣電池之上,通過恒流放電,驗證這層仿生葉片能否在電池的工作中起到“保水透氣”的作用;第三,從仿生葉片和電池工作的環(huán)境狀態(tài)、水蒸汽和氧氣的擴散參數(shù)和物理、化學特性等角度綜合解釋了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因。得出的主要結(jié)論總結(jié)如下：(1)在一般情況下,鋅空氣電池工作過程中的失水量會隨著相對濕度的增加而降低,隨著環(huán)境溫度的上升而增大。當環(huán)境溫度達到70±1℃,相對濕度為30%±5%時,電池因工作失水導(dǎo)致其自身含水量小于50%,此時電池將無法正常工作。(2)在仿生葉片微孔間距小于臨界間距時,葉片并不會阻礙氧氣的傳輸,同時,覆蓋仿生葉片可使鋅空氣電池放電的失水量減少40%-80%。失水量隨著微孔數(shù)目的減少而降低,當微孔間距達到臨界點時,電池的失水量達也同時到最小值。隨著電池失水的減少,電壓衰減變得緩慢,電池工作更加穩(wěn)定。在微孔數(shù)目的臨界范圍內(nèi),這個值越少,電池的放電性能也會越好。(3)在環(huán)境溫度為20℃,相對濕度為60%,空氣流通速度為7.0m/s時,考慮氣體濃度差,氧氣在仿生葉片上的擴散能力遠高于水蒸汽在仿生葉片上的擴散能力。這是因為在分子間相互作用強烈時,水分子的極性會表現(xiàn)出來,在通過微孔時,它的能力會明顯低于非極性的氧氣分子。在宏觀上就表現(xiàn)為水蒸汽分子碰撞擴散時通過微孔時的阻力更大,擴散量也明顯低于氧氣的擴散量。
[Abstract]:Plant is the first producer to support the earth's biosphere. It has a lot of life activities which are very different from our human beings and other life forms. Most of these specific life phenomena occur in the stoma of plant leaves. This paper, based on the vision of bionics, uses the effect and selectivity of the stomata of plant leaves to be efficient and selective. A series of characteristics, the zinc air battery is used as the working carrier, and the experimental exploration and theoretical analysis are combined. By studying the water loss of the zinc air battery under different environment and the influence of the bionic leaf on its water loss and work, the oxygen gas and the water vapor are preliminarily explored in the micron hole. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, change the environmental temperature, relative humidity and air circulation speed and three environmental factors, explore the effect of environmental factors on the loss of water of zinc air battery, and further prove the importance of "water loss" in the work of zinc air battery; second, making bionics The blade is covered in the zinc air battery. Through the constant current discharge, it is proved that the bionic blade can play the role of "keeping water and breathable" in the work of the battery. Third, this phenomenon is explained comprehensively from the environmental state of the bionic blades and batteries, the diffusion parameters of water vapor and oxygen, the physical and chemical properties of the water vapor and oxygen. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) in general, the amount of water loss in the working process of zinc air battery will decrease with the increase of relative humidity and increase with the increase of ambient temperature. When the environment temperature reaches 70 + 1 C and the relative humidity is 30% + 5%, the water loss of the electric pool is less than 50% because of the water loss. The battery will not work normally. (2) when the micropore space of the bionic blade is less than the critical distance, the blade does not obstruct the transmission of oxygen. At the same time, the bionic blade can reduce the water loss of the zinc air battery discharge and decrease the water loss of 40%-80%. with the decrease of the number of micropores. When the micropore space reaches a critical point, the amount of water loss of the battery reaches the limit. At the same time, the minimum value. With the decrease of battery water loss, the voltage attenuation becomes slow and the battery work is more stable. The less the number of micropores, the better the discharge performance of the battery. (3) when the ambient temperature is 20, the relative humidity is 60%, the air flow velocity is 7.0m/s, the oxygen is in the bionics considering the gas concentration difference. The diffusion capacity on the blade is much higher than the diffusion capacity of the water vapor on the bionic blade. This is because the polarity of the water molecules is manifested when the intermolecular interaction is strong, and the capacity of the water molecules is obviously lower than that of the nonpolar oxygen molecules when they pass through the micropores. In the macroscopic view, the vapor molecules are passing through the micropores when the molecules collide and diffuse. The resistance is greater, and the amount of diffusion is also significantly lower than that of oxygen.
【學位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM911.41

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