本文選題：光伏 + 電壓波動�。� 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：光伏發(fā)電一方面很好地利用了清潔能源，緩解能源危機；另一方面光伏電站發(fā)出的電能可以就地消納，減少遠距離輸電造成的額外損耗；光伏電站可以與主電網(wǎng)互為備用，在一定程度上提高了系統(tǒng)的供電可靠性，是未來能源發(fā)展的方向之一，具有良好的發(fā)展前景。光伏電源輸出功率受光照強度的影響較大，使得逆變器的利用率較低，且頻繁的投切也會使電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定性下降，電壓擾動是限制光伏發(fā)電發(fā)展的瓶頸。 本文在建立了光伏電池模型，分析了光伏電源輸出特性，提出了指數(shù)變步長擾動觀察法的光伏系統(tǒng)MPPT控制方法。分析了電壓有效值檢測法、基波分量檢測法、峰值電壓檢測法、小波分析檢測法、希爾伯特黃變換檢測法以及基于數(shù)學(xué)形態(tài)學(xué)與后差分算法的檢測法的優(yōu)缺點和應(yīng)用場合，并針對希爾伯特黃變換檢測法的端點效應(yīng)，提出采用鏡像法進行數(shù)據(jù)延拓，有效抑制了端點效應(yīng)，提高了希爾伯特黃變換檢測法的實用性；針對數(shù)學(xué)形態(tài)學(xué)與后差分算法中傳統(tǒng)形態(tài)方法采用固定結(jié)構(gòu)元素的缺陷，導(dǎo)致其不能很好地處理各種噪聲的情況，提出了利用廣義形態(tài)開-閉和形態(tài)閉-開運算，結(jié)合自適應(yīng)方法提出一種形態(tài)開、閉運算自適應(yīng)加權(quán)組合濾波器，通過形態(tài)運算的加權(quán)組合來設(shè)計更有效的算法，以獲得更好的效果。 通過算例仿真，對改進的方法的有效性進行了檢驗。分別對電壓暫降、電壓暫升、電壓瞬變以及電壓中斷做了仿真分析。仿真結(jié)果表明改進的希爾伯特黃變換檢測法可以有效檢測電壓暫降、電壓暫升以及電壓中斷3種電壓波動類型，而且能在一定程度上定量分析出電壓波動幅值情況，，但是改進的方法無法有效識別電壓中斷，鏡像數(shù)據(jù)延拓方法可以有效抑制希爾伯特黃變換檢測過程中產(chǎn)生的端點效應(yīng)；改進的基于形態(tài)學(xué)與后差分算法的檢測法可以有效檢測出電壓暫降、電壓暫升、電壓中斷以及電壓瞬變4種電壓波動情況，而且能夠精確求得電壓暫降和電壓暫升的幅值，發(fā)生電壓瞬變時，只能通過檢測瞬時頻率來求得電壓瞬變發(fā)生時刻，發(fā)生電壓中斷時只能通過檢測幅值隨時間變化曲線來求得電壓中斷起始時刻。
[Abstract]:On the one hand, photovoltaic power plants make good use of clean energy to alleviate the energy crisis; on the other hand, the electricity generated by photovoltaic power plants can be absorbed locally, reducing the additional losses caused by long-distance transmission, and photovoltaic power plants can be used as a reserve with the main grid. To a certain extent, it improves the reliability of the power supply system, and is one of the directions of energy development in the future, and has a good development prospect. The output power of photovoltaic power is greatly affected by the intensity of light, which makes the utilization rate of inverter low, and the stability of power grid will be reduced by frequent switching. Voltage disturbance is the bottleneck to limit the development of photovoltaic power generation. In this paper, the photovoltaic cell model is established, the output characteristics of photovoltaic power supply are analyzed, and the MPPT control method of photovoltaic system based on exponential variable step perturbation observation method is proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of voltage RMS detection method, fundamental component detection method, peak voltage detection method, wavelet analysis detection method, Hilbert yellow transform detection method and detection method based on mathematical morphology and post differential algorithm are analyzed. Aiming at the endpoint effect of Hilbert-Huang transform detection method, the image method is proposed to carry out data continuation, which effectively restrains the endpoint effect and improves the practicability of Hilbert-Huang transform detection method. In view of the defects of the traditional morphological method in mathematical morphology and post-difference algorithm, which can not deal with all kinds of noises well, the generalized morphological open-close and morphological closed-open operations are proposed. Combined with adaptive method, an adaptive weighted combinatorial filter with morphological open and closed operations is proposed. A more effective algorithm is designed by weighted combination of morphological operations to obtain better results. The effectiveness of the improved method is verified by an example. The voltage sag, voltage surge, voltage transient and voltage interruption are simulated and analyzed respectively. The simulation results show that the improved Hilbert-Huang transform detection method can effectively detect three types of voltage fluctuation, such as voltage sag, voltage surge and voltage interruption, and can quantitatively analyze the voltage fluctuation amplitude to a certain extent. However, the improved method can not effectively identify the voltage interruption, and the image data continuation method can effectively suppress the endpoint effect in the detection process of Hilbert-Huang transform. The improved detection method based on morphology and post-differential algorithm can effectively detect four kinds of voltage fluctuations such as voltage sag, voltage surge, voltage interruption and voltage transient, and can accurately obtain the amplitude of voltage sag and voltage surge. When voltage transients occur, the transient time of voltage can only be obtained by detecting the instantaneous frequency, and the starting time of voltage interruption can only be obtained by detecting the curve of amplitude with time when the voltage interrupt occurs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

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