本文選題：光伏電池 + 功率實時匹配��； 參考：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：太陽能作為一種新能源,因其資源潛力大、可持續(xù)利用等優(yōu)點被各國競相開發(fā)利用,但由于太陽能存在空間分布不均、間歇性大,因此其利用效率一直較低。獨立光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的電能存儲過程中,光伏電池的發(fā)電功率與蓄電池的吸收功率不能完全實時匹配,損失大量能量。因此,設(shè)計一種能實時采集光伏電池陣列輸出功率的最大值,且能讓蓄電池以最大限度存儲電能的系統(tǒng),對提高光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的利用效率有深遠的意義。針對光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中充電功率不匹配的問題,深入研究了光伏電池的負載模型、工作原理、輸出特性與影響因素和蓄電池充放電基本原理與電路模型,提出了一種功率實時匹配光伏充電方法。該方法采用MPPT控制電路模塊追蹤光伏電池陣列功率的最大值和利用設(shè)計的功率實時匹配調(diào)控電路使蓄電池以最佳吸收功率存儲電能,能有效的提高光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的充電效率,降低光伏發(fā)電利用成本,對光伏發(fā)電領(lǐng)域的研究提供一種具有借鑒意義的方法。首先,論述了功率實時匹配光伏充電系統(tǒng)的可行性,運用MPPT追蹤光伏電池陣列發(fā)出功率的最大值,采用直流功率變壓調(diào)節(jié)具體實現(xiàn)功率實時匹配充電的方案。然后,以STM8S003F3P6單片機為控制系統(tǒng)核心,完成光伏電池陣列發(fā)出功率最大值追蹤系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。最后,利用直流功率變壓調(diào)節(jié)原理建立功率實時匹配充電電路模型,完成功率實時匹配光伏充電系統(tǒng)的制作,并對整個系統(tǒng)進行實驗調(diào)試與功率實時匹配充電測試實驗。實驗結(jié)果及結(jié)論：(1)功率實時匹配光伏充電系統(tǒng)不僅能在太陽光比較充足環(huán)境下實現(xiàn)充電效率的提高,而且在太陽光照比較弱的情況下,也能實現(xiàn)較高的能量收集。(2)蓄電池高頻充電時表現(xiàn)出來的感性對光伏充電系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計有一定的影響,考慮蓄電池的高頻感性,能優(yōu)化光伏充電系統(tǒng)的性能。(3)純電阻元件作為光伏電池的負載和有容抗或者感抗元件作為光伏電池的負載在相同條件下比較,偏容抗性或者偏感抗性的負載對光伏電池的發(fā)出功率的吸收采集效率較高。(4)在一定的充電電壓范圍內(nèi)(44V-52V),功率實時匹配光伏充電效率比同一系統(tǒng)的MPPT光伏充電系統(tǒng)效率能提高10%左右。
[Abstract]:Solar energy, as a new energy source, has been exploited and utilized by many countries because of its great potential and sustainable utilization. However, because of its uneven spatial distribution and large intermittency, the utilization efficiency of solar energy has been low. In the process of energy storage in independent photovoltaic power generation system, the generation power of photovoltaic cell and the absorption power of battery can not be matched in real time, and a large amount of energy is lost. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a system that can collect the maximum output power of photovoltaic cell array in real time, and can store the electric energy to the maximum extent by the battery, which is of great significance to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system. Aiming at the problem of charging power mismatch in photovoltaic power generation system, the load model, working principle, output characteristics and influencing factors of photovoltaic cell, the basic principle and circuit model of battery charge and discharge are deeply studied. A real-time power matching photovoltaic charging method is proposed. In this method, the MPPT control circuit module is used to track the maximum power of the photovoltaic cell array and the designed power real-time matching control circuit is used to make the battery store the electric energy with the best absorption power, which can effectively improve the charging efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system. Reducing the cost of photovoltaic power generation provides a useful method for the research of photovoltaic power generation field. Firstly, the feasibility of the power real-time matched photovoltaic charging system is discussed. MPPT is used to track the maximum output power of the photovoltaic cell array, and the DC power transformer is adopted to realize the power real-time matching charging scheme. Then, the maximum power tracking system of photovoltaic cell array is designed with STM8S003F3P6 single chip microcomputer as the core of the control system. Finally, the power real-time matching charging circuit model is established by using the principle of DC power variable voltage regulation, and the power real-time matched photovoltaic charging system is made, and the whole system is debugged and tested in real time power matching charging test. The experimental results and conclusions are as follows: (1) the real time matching photovoltaic charging system can not only improve the charging efficiency in the more abundant solar light environment, but also improve the charging efficiency in the case of weak solar illumination. It can also achieve higher energy collection. 2) the inductance of high frequency charging of battery has a certain influence on the design of photovoltaic charging system, considering the high frequency inductance of battery, It can optimize the performance of photovoltaic charging system.) the pure resistance element is used as the load of the photovoltaic cell and the capacitive or inductive element as the load of the photovoltaic cell under the same conditions. The absorption and acquisition efficiency of the output power of photovoltaic cell with partial tolerance or partial sensitivity resistance load is higher than that of MPPT photovoltaic charging system with a certain charging voltage range of 44V-52V, and the power matching photovoltaic charge efficiency in real time is higher than that of MPPT photovoltaic charging system with the same system. Efficiency can be increased by about 10%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM615

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本文編號：1908194