本文選題：電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈 + 綜合節(jié)能　； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：電力產(chǎn)業(yè)作為能源工業(yè)的重要組成部分,其對能源供應(yīng)安全具有重要影響,推動電力產(chǎn)業(yè)節(jié)能是緩解能源供應(yīng)短缺壓力保障能源供應(yīng)安全的重要途徑。我國通過推行發(fā)電節(jié)能調(diào)度、發(fā)電權(quán)交易、峰谷分時電價、居民階梯電價等一系列政策,提高清潔能源發(fā)電比例,優(yōu)化電力結(jié)構(gòu),促進節(jié)電降耗,在電力產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)、輸、配、供、用各環(huán)節(jié)取得了一定的節(jié)能減排成果。但由于各環(huán)節(jié)利益的割裂性,已有節(jié)能措施僅從各環(huán)節(jié)自身的效益出發(fā),難以達成電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈整體的協(xié)調(diào)合作,實現(xiàn)節(jié)能效益最大化。如何從電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的總體角度出發(fā),協(xié)調(diào)各環(huán)節(jié)節(jié)能工作的開展,實現(xiàn)各部分節(jié)能效益的協(xié)同與放大,成為電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈節(jié)能工作研究與實施的重點。以此為背景,論文基于我國當(dāng)前的電力機制,針對電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈發(fā)、輸、配、供、用各環(huán)節(jié)電價引導(dǎo)下促進發(fā)電側(cè)、電網(wǎng)側(cè)和用戶側(cè)聯(lián)合節(jié)能的優(yōu)化模型與方法進行研究,旨在為我國電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈節(jié)能工作的綜合開展提供理論參考。 關(guān)于發(fā)電側(cè)節(jié)能優(yōu)化問題,重點研究了發(fā)電節(jié)能與電煤運輸節(jié)能的優(yōu)化模型。在發(fā)電節(jié)能優(yōu)化上,分別針對可再生能源發(fā)電全額收購、限制部分風(fēng)電出力、水火聯(lián)合備用等三種調(diào)度方案構(gòu)建了包括風(fēng)電、光伏發(fā)電、水電、火電等多類型機組的聯(lián)合調(diào)度節(jié)能優(yōu)化模型,研究了既定負荷需求下調(diào)度方案對各類型機組發(fā)電出力及發(fā)電煤耗的影響。優(yōu)化結(jié)果表明基于可調(diào)節(jié)水電與火電聯(lián)合備用的多類型機組發(fā)電節(jié)能調(diào)度,將有利于兼顧電力系統(tǒng)的節(jié)能效果與經(jīng)濟運行。隨后構(gòu)建了輔助節(jié)能優(yōu)化調(diào)度的發(fā)電權(quán)交易節(jié)能降耗優(yōu)化模型,借助Shapley值法將發(fā)電權(quán)交易的節(jié)能效益在各參與主體之間進行分配,并依據(jù)節(jié)能貢獻率確定各交易對中參與機組所得利潤增量與置換價格。在電煤運輸節(jié)能優(yōu)化上,以電煤采購成本最小化為目標(biāo),分別構(gòu)建了單一發(fā)電企業(yè)電煤供應(yīng)與運輸路徑動態(tài)優(yōu)化模型和區(qū)域電煤運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)合優(yōu)化模型,對發(fā)電煤炭需求變動帶來的電煤運輸能耗差異進行分析。 關(guān)于電網(wǎng)側(cè)節(jié)能優(yōu)化問題,重點研究了電網(wǎng)側(cè)輸電阻塞管理帶來的能耗增量及相應(yīng)的分攤機制。在輸電阻塞管理節(jié)能優(yōu)化上,基于直流最優(yōu)潮流理論,引入發(fā)電機輸出功率轉(zhuǎn)移分布因子,構(gòu)建了以機組發(fā)電出力煤耗增量最小為目標(biāo)不考慮負荷削減的輸電阻塞管理節(jié)能優(yōu)化模型,并采用基于配對綜合煤耗當(dāng)量的反向等量配對法進行求解,算例結(jié)果表明該模型與方法較其他阻塞管理方法可有效降低輸電阻塞的煤耗增量成本。隨后基于Aumann-Shapley值法對阻塞煤耗增量在阻塞路徑上進行分攤,并構(gòu)建了基于煤炭能源邊際價值的輸電引導(dǎo)價格設(shè)計模型,為輸電線路的擴建與發(fā)展提供參考,引導(dǎo)用戶用電結(jié)構(gòu)及電源投資方向。 在用戶側(cè)節(jié)能優(yōu)化方面,首先以天然氣聯(lián)合循環(huán)分布式發(fā)電系統(tǒng)為例構(gòu)建了可調(diào)節(jié)出力的分布式發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的運行策略優(yōu)化模型,并分析了調(diào)峰調(diào)度與上網(wǎng)電價對分布式發(fā)電運行策略的影響。隨后基于分布式發(fā)電的出力能耗分析,引入可中斷負荷的停電閾值價格概念,構(gòu)建了考慮用戶側(cè)分布式發(fā)電與可中斷負荷參與的阻塞管理聯(lián)合節(jié)能優(yōu)化模型,研究了發(fā)、輸、配、供、用各環(huán)節(jié)的聯(lián)合節(jié)能優(yōu)化。此外,針對居民階梯電價,論文構(gòu)建了以發(fā)電節(jié)煤最大化為目標(biāo)的電價優(yōu)化設(shè)計模型,分析了不同分檔比例和不同發(fā)電結(jié)構(gòu)對發(fā)電節(jié)能優(yōu)化效果的影響。 在產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈綜合節(jié)能內(nèi)在運作機制方面,論文以用戶銷售電價變動為例,構(gòu)建了基于電價聯(lián)動機制的電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈綜合節(jié)能系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)模型,通過因果關(guān)系圖與流積圖描繪系統(tǒng)中各環(huán)節(jié)的發(fā)電環(huán)節(jié)、輸配電環(huán)節(jié)、供用電環(huán)節(jié)的響應(yīng)運作機理,借助Vensim軟件對電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中發(fā)電側(cè)與用戶側(cè)的綜合節(jié)能響應(yīng)傳遞機理和電網(wǎng)輸電阻塞節(jié)能的響應(yīng)機理進行了仿真模擬,并以電網(wǎng)收益分享比例、煤炭需求價格彈性及火電上網(wǎng)電價調(diào)整時間等因素為敏感因子對電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的綜合節(jié)能效果進行敏感性分析。研究表明,提高銷售電價帶來的需求側(cè)響應(yīng)效果將引導(dǎo)電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈實現(xiàn)綜合節(jié)能,然而在電力產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的綜合作用下該需求響應(yīng)效果將隨時間遞減,因此需構(gòu)建基于銷售電價的需求側(cè)管理長期調(diào)整機制。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the energy industry, the power industry has an important influence on the safety of energy supply. It is an important way to promote the energy conservation of the power industry to alleviate the pressure of energy supply shortage. To improve the proportion of clean energy power generation, optimize the power structure, promote energy saving and reduce consumption, and achieve certain energy saving and emission reduction results in the power industry, transmission, distribution, supply and use, but due to the fragmentary interests of various links, the existing energy saving measures are only starting from the benefits of each link itself, and it is difficult to achieve the overall coordination and cooperation of the electric power industry chain. At present, the energy saving benefit is maximized. From the general point of view of the electric power industry chain, how to coordinate the development of energy saving work in various links, realize the synergy and enlargement of the energy efficiency of each part, and become the focus of the research and implementation of the energy saving work in the power industry chain. In order to provide theoretical reference for the comprehensive development of energy conservation work in China's power industry chain, the optimization model and method of the joint energy conservation of the power generation side and the user side are studied under the guidance of the electricity price of each link.
On the problem of energy saving and optimization of power generation side, the optimization model of energy saving and energy saving of electric coal is mainly studied. In the optimization of power generation energy saving, three kinds of scheduling schemes, including wind power, photovoltaic power, hydropower, thermal power and so on, are constructed for full purchase of renewable energy power generation, limited wind power supply and water fire combined reserve. The effect of scheduling scheme on power generation output and coal consumption of various types of units under the established load demand is studied. The optimization results show that the energy saving and economic operation of the power system based on the adjustable hydropower and thermal power unit will be beneficial to the energy saving and economic operation. An optimization model of energy saving and consumption reduction for power generation trading is built to assist the energy saving and optimal scheduling. The energy saving benefits of power generation trading are allocated among the participants with the help of Shapley value method, and the profit increment and replacement price of the participating units are determined according to the contribution rate of energy saving. In order to minimize the cost, the dynamic optimization model of the electric coal supply and transportation path and the joint optimization model of the regional electric coal transport network are constructed respectively, and the difference of energy consumption of the coal transportation caused by the change of the coal demand for electricity generation is analyzed.
With regard to the problem of energy saving and Optimization on the power grid side, the energy consumption increment and the corresponding sharing mechanism brought by the power transmission congestion management of the power grid are studied. On the basis of the optimal power flow theory of the power transmission congestion management, the distribution factor of the output power transfer of the generator is introduced. The energy saving optimization model of transmission congestion management with load reduction is considered, and the matching method based on the equivalent pair combined coal consumption equivalent is used to solve the problem. The example results show that the model and the method can effectively reduce the cost of the coal consumption increment of the transmission congestion by the other blocking management methods. Then the blocking coal consumption increment is based on the Aumann-Shapley value method. The congestion path is apportioned, and the transmission guidance price design model based on the marginal value of coal energy is constructed to provide reference for the expansion and development of the transmission line, and to guide the user to use the electricity structure and the direction of the power investment.
In the aspect of energy saving and optimization of the user side, the operation strategy optimization model of the distributed generation system with adjustable output is constructed with the distributed generation system of natural gas combined cycle as an example, and the influence of peak regulation and the net electricity price on the distributed generation operation strategy is analyzed. Then, the energy consumption analysis based on the distributed generation power generation is introduced. The concept of the outage threshold price of interruptible load is introduced, and a joint energy saving optimization model, which takes the participation of distributed generation and interruptible load on the side of the user side, is constructed, and the joint energy saving optimization of each link is studied. The influence of different proportion and different power generation structure on the optimization of power generation efficiency is analyzed.
In the internal operation mechanism of the comprehensive energy conservation of the industrial chain, the paper takes the change of the electricity price of the user as an example, and constructs a dynamic model of the comprehensive energy saving system of the power industry chain based on the linkage mechanism of electricity price, and describes the response operation mechanism of the power generation link, the transmission and distribution link and the supply and use link through the causality diagram and the flow chart. With the help of Vensim software, the comprehensive energy saving response transmission mechanism of power generation side and the user side in the electric power industry chain and the response mechanism of the power grid transmission congestion energy saving are simulated. The factors such as the proportion of revenue sharing, the price elasticity of coal demand and the adjustment time of the power network electricity price are the synthesis of the power industry chain by the sensitive factors. The results show that the demand side response effect will lead the power industry chain to achieve comprehensive energy conservation. However, the response effect of the demand response will decrease with the time of the power industry chain. Therefore, the long-term adjustment mechanism of demand side management based on the sale price is needed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.61;F726;F224

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