本文選題：韌性電源 + 大型發(fā)電機��； 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：構(gòu)筑堅強智能電網(wǎng)離不開強有力的電源支撐,只有打造適應(yīng)其發(fā)展、滿足其需求、協(xié)調(diào)其運行的韌性電源,才能發(fā)揮智能電網(wǎng)的優(yōu)勢和效益,否則智能電網(wǎng)只能是“無源之水,無本之木”。大型發(fā)電機組作為主力支撐電源,是構(gòu)建智能電網(wǎng)韌性電源的關(guān)鍵。智能電網(wǎng)中具有間歇性和隨機性特征的新能源發(fā)電的大規(guī)模并網(wǎng),對大型常規(guī)能源機組的支撐作用提出更高要求,同時,新型發(fā)電和輸配電技術(shù)的應(yīng)用使得機組外部運行環(huán)境更加復(fù)雜,大型機組的運行安全面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)。繼電保護是大型發(fā)電機重要的安全防護措施,構(gòu)建智能電網(wǎng)的韌性電源需要發(fā)電機繼電保護在保障機組安全的同時,兼顧電網(wǎng)運行安全,充分發(fā)揮大型機組對電網(wǎng)的支撐作用。論文以適應(yīng)智能電網(wǎng)韌性電源需求為目標(biāo),圍繞大型發(fā)電機中對電網(wǎng)運行有重要影響的繼電保護展開研究工作,對智能電網(wǎng)的安全、高效、經(jīng)濟運行具有重大而深遠的意義。 定子接地是發(fā)電機最常見的一種故障,接地電流大小是衡量故障危害程度的直接指標(biāo)。論文提出一種基于接地電流的大型發(fā)電機定子接地保護,故障發(fā)生后實時計算接地電流大小,只有當(dāng)其大于安全允許值時才跳閘停機,否則只發(fā)出告警信號,在保障發(fā)電機安全的前提下,避免了大型發(fā)電機跳閘對電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定運行造成的沖擊。提出一種發(fā)電機定子接地故障定位方法,自動識別出故障相、故障分支和故障線圈,大幅減少了故障排除工作量和停機檢修時間。 失步振蕩是大機組與電網(wǎng)相互作用與協(xié)調(diào)的重要問題之一。論文提出了一種兼顧機網(wǎng)安全的大型發(fā)電機單機失步保護方案,充分發(fā)揮了機組承受失步振蕩的能力,增強了大型機組在系統(tǒng)振蕩時對電網(wǎng)的支撐作用；提出了一種兼顧機網(wǎng)安全的大型發(fā)電機多機失步保護動作策略,切除最少的機組使系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)同步,避免了多機同時跳閘對電網(wǎng)安全造成的沖擊；在此基礎(chǔ)上,由多機失步保護和單機失步保護分別構(gòu)成發(fā)電機應(yīng)對失步振蕩的第一道防線和第二道防線。 反時限保護是適應(yīng)智能電網(wǎng)韌性電源需求的大型發(fā)電機保護體系中的重要保護。論文分析了現(xiàn)有反時限保護存在的問題,并提出一種基于能力曲線最優(yōu)擬合的大型發(fā)電機反時限保護,實現(xiàn)動作特性曲線與發(fā)電機能力曲線的最優(yōu)匹配,而且其實現(xiàn)算法能夠準確反映發(fā)電機在異常工況下熱量累積的動態(tài)過程,在保證機組安全的前提下充分發(fā)揮了機組的效益,符合智能電網(wǎng)對電源的韌性需求。 單元件橫差保護是大型發(fā)電機反應(yīng)匝間短路的重要主保護,其主要難題是在保證外部故障不誤動的同時提高反應(yīng)內(nèi)部小匝差短路的靈敏度。論文研究了單元件橫差不平衡電流的產(chǎn)生機理、影響因素,分析了現(xiàn)有單元件橫差保護在原理、應(yīng)用等方面存在的問題。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種基于氣隙電動勢制動的單元件橫差保護判據(jù),與現(xiàn)有保護判據(jù)配合使用,可在保證外部故障不誤動的同時,擴大對內(nèi)部匝間短路的覆蓋范圍,增強了大型發(fā)電機的安全防御以及對電網(wǎng)運行的支撐作用。 失磁保護是發(fā)電機重要的涉網(wǎng)保護,論文圍繞大型發(fā)電機失磁保護與電網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)的兩個關(guān)鍵問題展開研究：針對目前轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)判據(jù)不夠穩(wěn)定可靠的問題,提出一種基于空載電動勢的輔助判據(jù),并給出了發(fā)電機空載電動勢的計算方法和帶有該輔助判據(jù)的失磁保護總體方案,提高了失磁保護在電網(wǎng)振蕩和故障時的可靠性；針對目前失磁保護與低勵限制缺少配合的問題,研究了二者之間的配合方法、原則以及步驟,在保障安全的前提下充分發(fā)揮機組的進相運行能力,同時避免失磁保護搶先低勵限制動作給電網(wǎng)運行帶來的沖擊。 論文最后對所取得的主要研究成果進行了總結(jié),并對下一步研究工作進行了展望。
[Abstract]:The construction of a strong smart grid can not be separated from a strong power supply. Only by building a ductile power supply that adapts its development to meet its needs and coordinate its operation, the advantages and benefits of the smart grid can be played. Otherwise, the smart grid can only be a "passive water, a wood free". Large generator sets are the main mains of the power supply, and the smart grid is the construction of smart grid. The key of ductile power supply is the large-scale grid connection of new energy generation with intermittent and random characteristics in the smart grid, which puts forward higher requirements for the support of large conventional energy generating units. At the same time, the application of new power generation and transmission and distribution technology makes the operating environment of the unit more complex, and the operation safety of large units is facing a new challenge. The protection of relay protection is an important safety protection measure for large generators. The construction of the ductile power supply for the smart grid requires the protection of the generator to ensure the safety of the unit, while taking into account the operation safety of the power grid and giving full play to the support function of the large unit to the power grid. The relay protection research of the motor which has an important influence on the operation of the power grid is of great significance to the safety, efficiency and economic operation of the smart grid.
The stator grounding is the most common fault of the generator. The size of the grounding current is the direct indicator of the degree of fault damage. A large generator stator grounding protection based on the grounding current is proposed in this paper. The grounding current is calculated in real time after the fault occurs. Only when it is greater than the safety allowable value, the trip is stopped, otherwise only the notice is issued. The alarm signal, under the premise of guaranteeing the safety of the generator, avoids the impact of the large generator tripping on the stable operation of the power grid. A method of locating the fault of the generator stator grounding fault is proposed, which automatically identifies the fault phase, the fault branch and the fault coil, which greatly reduces the workload of the fault removal and the shutdown time.
Out of step oscillation is one of the most important problems in the interaction and coordination of large units and power grids. This paper puts forward a single machine failure protection scheme for large generators which take into account the safety of the network, fully exerts the capacity of the unit to withstand the oscillation of the step, and strengthens the supporting role of the large unit on the system when the system oscillates. The network safe large generator multi machine lost step protection action strategy, the excision of the least unit makes the system recover synchronously, and avoids the impact of the multi machine tripping on the power grid security. On this basis, the first line of defense and second lines of defense for the generator to cope with the lost step oscillation are formed by the multi machine lost step protection and the single machine step protection respectively.
Anti time protection is an important protection in large generator protection system adapted to the demand of smart grid ductile power supply. This paper analyzes the existing problems of the existing anti time limit protection, and proposes a large generator anti time limit protection based on the optimal fitting of the capability curve, so as to achieve the optimal matching of the action characteristic curve and the generator capacity curve. And its realization algorithm can accurately reflect the dynamic process of generator heat accumulation under abnormal condition. It fully exerts the efficiency of the unit under the premise of ensuring the safety of the unit, and is in line with the ductile demand of the smart grid for the power supply.
The transverse differential protection of the unit parts is an important main protection for the interturn short circuit of large generator. The main problem is to improve the sensitivity of the small turn short of the reaction inside the reaction. The paper studies the mechanism of the unbalance current of the unit transverse difference and influences the factor, and analyzes the principle of the existing unit transverse differential protection. On the basis of this, a criterion for the protection of unit transverse difference based on air gap electromotive force (EMF) is proposed, which is used in conjunction with the existing protection criteria. It can enlarge the coverage of the internal turn short circuit, strengthen the safety defense of the large generator and transport the power grid. The supporting role of a line.
Demagnetization protection is an important network protection protection for the generator. This paper focuses on two key problems of large generator loss protection and power grid coordination. In view of the problem that the rotor side criterion is not stable and reliable, an auxiliary criterion based on the no-load EMF is proposed, and the calculation method and belt of the generator no-load EMF are given. With this auxiliary criterion, the overall scheme of demagnetization protection improves the reliability of the magnetic loss protection in the power grid oscillation and fault. In view of the lack of coordination between the current loss protection and the low excitation limit, the coordination methods, principles and steps between the two are studied. Avoid the impact of loss of excitation protection on the power grid operation.
Finally, the main research results are summarized, and the next research work is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM307.3

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