本文選題：風能發(fā)電 + 風速預測　； 參考：《合肥工業(yè)大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展,能源問題變得越來越嚴重,尋找新的替代能源已成為當務之急,風能發(fā)電以其資源豐富和技術上的優(yōu)勢,成為當前國內(nèi)外研究和發(fā)展的重點。中國已成為世界上的風能大國,但是對風能發(fā)電的研究起步較晚,特別是控制系統(tǒng)方面,與此相關的理論研究和應用技術仍然很薄弱。因此,研究風能發(fā)電技術的主要關鍵技術和相關理論方法問題具有重要的意義。 本文以風能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)為研究對象,對風能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的一些關鍵問題,特別是在控制系統(tǒng)相關的問題方面進行了深入的研究。全文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 1.研究了風速的預測問題。通過分析風速序列高度的非線性、大間歇非平穩(wěn)性和混沌特性,構建了基于相空間重構小波神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡的風速預測模型。 (1)分析了風速序列的非線性,采用自相關函數(shù)檢驗法判定了風速序列的非平穩(wěn)性,采用功率譜法判定了風速序列的混沌特性,構建了一種風速預測模型。 (2)針對風速序列的混沌特性,采用G-P (Grassberger-Procaccia)法計算相關維數(shù),由Takens嵌入定理求得嵌入維數(shù),將相空間重構嵌入維數(shù)作為模型時序數(shù)據(jù)輸入維數(shù),避免輸入節(jié)點數(shù)選取的任意性使得到的預測結果不一定是其解空間的表達問題。 (3)利用小波變換對非平穩(wěn)性的分解,結合神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡良好的非線性映射能力,有效地解決風速序列的非線性和非平穩(wěn)性問題,給出了模型結構和學習算法,并進行了仿真實驗驗證。 (4)采用我國浙江杭州灣入海口(北緯90°,東經(jīng)120°)多組半小時實測風速數(shù)據(jù),對本文構建的風速預測模型進行工程驗證,結果表明本文所建模型的精度明顯優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)方法。 2.研究了變速恒頻雙饋風電機組的功率控制問題�；陔p饋風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的特性,提出了一種基于指數(shù)趨近率的積分變結構控制器,實現(xiàn)了雙饋風電機組有功功率和無功功率的解耦控制。 (1)基于最大功率反饋控制策略以及定子電壓定向的矢量控制策略,實現(xiàn)了雙饋風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的最大功率跟蹤和雙饋電機有功功率和無功功率的解耦控制。 (2)針對傳統(tǒng)的雙饋電機矢量控制策略結構復雜,魯棒性不強等問題,在雙饋電機定子電壓定向矢量控制的基礎上,提出了一種變結構控制策略。通過直接在轉子靜止abc坐標系實現(xiàn)轉子側電流的無靜差控制,避免了對轉子電流實施坐標變換,簡化了控制結構。且滑模變結構控制對于電機參數(shù)變化及外部擾動具有很好的魯棒性,可以有效地抑制電機參數(shù)變化及外部擾動對雙饋風能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的影響。 (3)在變結構控制的滑動面引入積分環(huán)節(jié),可消除電機參數(shù)變化及外部擾動造成的穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差,又可通過調(diào)節(jié)積分環(huán)節(jié)的參數(shù),改善滑動運動的動態(tài)品質。通過采用指數(shù)趨近律可保證滑動模態(tài)到達過程的動態(tài)品質,又可消弱變結構控制本質上的開關不連續(xù)性造成的系統(tǒng)抖振。 (4)通過理論推導和仿真實驗驗證了本文控制策略的可行性和有效性,并進行了工程應用驗證。 3.研究了風電機組的偏航控制問題。基于偏航控制系統(tǒng)的工作特性,采用V-HC (Vane-Hill Climbing)算法實現(xiàn)了偏航最大功率跟蹤；提出了一種滑模速度控制器,實現(xiàn)了偏航感應電機轉子磁鏈定向矢量控制。 (1)針對基于風向傳感器的風向微變化時風向偏航控制角度難以精確化問題,在風向角小范圍變化時采用基于功率檢測的爬山算法進行最大發(fā)電功率跟蹤,以解決小范圍內(nèi)風向傳感器難以確定風向角的問題,提高了偏航控制的精度。 (2)針對風速檢測和偏航控制具有滯后性,采用基于相空間重構的小波神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡預測模型進行風速短時預測,根據(jù)預測風速對風電機組進行超前偏航控制,即可實現(xiàn)風電機組的最佳發(fā)電,又能減小對風力發(fā)電機組的風力沖擊,保護和延長風力發(fā)電機的壽命。 (3)針對偏航控制系統(tǒng)抗較大外部擾動的魯棒性問題,在偏航感應電機轉子磁鏈定向矢量控制的基礎上,將滑模變結構控制和矢量控制相結合,提出了一種滑模速度控制器用于偏航控制系統(tǒng)的速度控制,給出了滑模速度控制器的設計方法,分析了滑模速度控制器的有效性。滑模變結構控制對于電機參數(shù)變化及外部擾動具有很好的魯棒性,可以有效地提高偏航系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和抗擾動性。 (4)通過對比實驗和工程驗證,表明本文的控制策略是可行有效的。 4.設計了一套中小型風能發(fā)電機組控制裝置,實際運行結果表明,本文的控制方法和策略是可行有效的。 (1)實現(xiàn)了中小型風能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的信號采集和處理、偏航控制、自動解纜、并網(wǎng)發(fā)電控制、停機制動控制、安全保護、本地監(jiān)控、遠程監(jiān)控。 (2)給出了偏航控制和功率控制主要功能的軟硬件實現(xiàn)方法。 (3)對設計應用的系統(tǒng)進行實驗和運行測試,通過實測數(shù)據(jù)分析,驗證了控制裝置和相關算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the problem of energy has become more and more serious. Looking for new alternative energy has become a top priority. Wind power generation has become the focus of research and development at home and abroad with its rich resources and technical advantages. China has become a big power of wind power in the world, but the research on wind power generation is late, In particular, the theoretical research and application technology related to the control system are still very weak. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the key technologies and related theoretical methods of wind power generation technology.
This paper takes the wind power generation system as the research object, and studies some key problems of the wind power generation system, especially the related problems in the control system. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
1. the prediction of wind speed is studied. By analyzing the nonlinearity of the height of the wind speed sequence, the large intermittent nonstationary and chaotic characteristics, a wind speed prediction model based on the phase space reconstruction wavelet neural network is constructed.
(1) the nonlinearity of the wind speed sequence is analyzed. The nonstationary of the wind speed sequence is determined by the autocorrelation function test method. The chaotic characteristics of the wind speed series are determined by the power spectrum method, and a wind speed prediction model is constructed.
(2) in view of the chaotic characteristics of the wind speed sequence, the correlation dimension is calculated by G-P (Grassberger-Procaccia) method. The embedding dimension is obtained by the Takens embedding theorem. The embedding dimension of the phase space is used as the input dimension of the model time series data to avoid the arbitrariness of the selection of the number of input nodes. The result of the prediction is not necessarily the expression of the solution space. Question.
(3) using the wavelet transform to decompose the nonstationary and combining the good nonlinear mapping ability of the neural network, the nonlinear and non-stationary problems of the wind speed sequence are solved effectively. The model structure and learning algorithm are given, and the simulation experiment is carried out.
(4) to verify the wind speed prediction model constructed in this paper, the results of the wind speed prediction model constructed in this paper are verified by using the data of the measured wind speed in the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay of Zhejiang (90 degrees north latitude and 120 degrees east) in this paper. The results show that the precision of the model is obviously superior to the traditional method.
2. the power control problem of the variable speed constant frequency doubly fed wind turbine is studied. Based on the characteristics of the doubly fed wind power generation system, an integral variable structure controller based on the exponential convergence rate is proposed, which realizes the decoupling control of the active and reactive power of the doubly fed wind turbine.
(1) based on the maximum power feedback control strategy and the stator voltage oriented vector control strategy, the decoupling control of the maximum power tracking of the doubly fed wind power generation system and the active power and reactive power of the doubly fed machine is realized.
(2) a variable structure control strategy is proposed on the basis of the stator voltage directional vector control of the doubly fed motor based on the complex vector control strategy of the traditional doubly fed motor vector control strategy. The static difference control of the rotor side current is realized directly in the rotor static ABC coordinate system, which avoids the coordinate change of the rotor current. In addition, the control structure is simplified, and the sliding mode variable structure control has good robustness for the change of motor parameters and external disturbances. It can effectively restrain the change of motor parameters and the influence of external disturbance on the doubly fed wind power generation system.
(3) the integral link is introduced into the sliding surface of the variable structure control, which can eliminate the steady-state error caused by the change of motor parameters and the external disturbance, and can also improve the dynamic quality of the sliding motion by adjusting the parameters of the integral link. By adopting the exponential approach law, the dynamic quality of the sliding mode can be guaranteed and the essence of the variable structure control can be weakened. A system buffeting caused by discontinuity on the switch.
(4) the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified by theoretical deduction and simulation experiments, and verified by engineering application.
3. the yaw control problem of the wind turbine is studied. Based on the working characteristics of the yaw control system, the V-HC (Vane-Hill Climbing) algorithm is used to achieve the maximum power tracking of the yaw. A sliding mode speed controller is proposed to realize the rotor flux orientation vector control of the yaw induction motor.
(1) in order to solve the problem that the wind direction yaw control angle is difficult to be precise when the wind direction sensor based on the wind direction change, the mountain climbing algorithm based on power detection is used to track the maximum power generation power when the wind direction angle is small, so as to solve the problem that the wind direction sensor is difficult to determine the wind direction in the small range and improve the precision of the yaw control.
(2) in view of the hysteresis of wind speed detection and yaw control, the wavelet neural network prediction model based on phase space reconstruction is used to predict wind speed in short time. The optimal power generation of wind turbine can be realized, and the wind power generation can be reduced, the protection and extension can be reduced. The life of the wind turbine.
(3) in view of the robustness of the yaw control system against large external disturbances, on the basis of the directional vector control of the rotor flux linkage of the yaw induction motor, a sliding mode speed controller is proposed for the speed control of the yaw control system, and the design of the sliding mode speed controller is given. The validity of the sliding mode speed controller is analyzed. The sliding mode variable structure control has good robustness for the change of the motor parameters and the external disturbance, and it can effectively improve the stability and disturbance resistance of the yaw system.
(4) through comparison experiment and engineering verification, it shows that the control strategy is feasible and effective.
4. design a control device for small and medium sized wind turbines. The actual operation results show that the control method and strategy are feasible and effective.
(1) realizing the signal acquisition and processing of small and medium wind power generation system, yaw control, automatic cable release, grid connected power generation control, stop brake control, safety protection, local monitoring and remote monitoring.
(2) the hardware and software implementation of the main functions of yaw control and power control are given.
(3) experiment and operation test of the designed application system. The validity of the control device and related algorithm is verified through the analysis of measured data.
【學位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614

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本文編號：1905397