本文選題：太陽能電池 + 二次電池�。� 參考：《南開大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：高速發(fā)展的人類社會(huì)對(duì)能源的需求量與日俱增。然而,隨著地球化石能源的不斷消耗,能源短缺已成為制約當(dāng)今社會(huì)高速發(fā)展的瓶頸。因此,尋求可再生能源的高效利用是人類社會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的最佳選擇。太陽能是唯一可以在能源供應(yīng)量上滿足人類社會(huì)未來需求的可再生能源,并具有儲(chǔ)量豐富、環(huán)境友好等諸多優(yōu)勢。因此,取之不盡的太陽能也被認(rèn)為是化石能源最適合的替代品。太陽能電池作為光能的有效利用裝置,在社會(huì)生活中應(yīng)用十分廣泛。但傳統(tǒng)太陽能電池也存在著無法避免的缺陷：受地球日照時(shí)間長短、強(qiáng)弱不同的影響,太陽能電池的功率輸出不穩(wěn)定,而且只進(jìn)行光能的轉(zhuǎn)化,不能實(shí)現(xiàn)光能的存儲(chǔ)。在無光照時(shí),太陽能電池不對(duì)外輸出能量,只能依靠與其相并聯(lián)的二次電池提供能量。本論文針對(duì)太陽能電池存在的不足,以染料敏化太陽能電池為研究基礎(chǔ),借鑒二次電池的儲(chǔ)能原理,對(duì)太陽能電池進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)改造和反應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì),在一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)單元內(nèi),構(gòu)筑起集光能轉(zhuǎn)換與存儲(chǔ)為一體的光充電二次電池體系。 首先,本論文采用具有電催化活性的氮化鈦納米管／鈦網(wǎng)為反應(yīng)電極,以染料(N719)敏化的TiO2為光陽極、三氧化鎢為負(fù)極活性物、碘化鋰溶液為正極活性物構(gòu)筑了基于無機(jī)液/固活性物質(zhì)的光充電二次電池。該工作著重研究了氮化鈦納米管/鈦網(wǎng)作為催化電極在光充電二次電池中的應(yīng)用情況。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,氮化鈦納米管/鈦網(wǎng)具有較大的比較面積、良好的導(dǎo)電性和電催化活性,具有與鉑/鈦網(wǎng)電極相類似的催化能力。在100mWcm-2的光照強(qiáng)度下,光照30分鐘以后,黑暗條件下,放電截止電壓為0.2伏、放電電流密度為0.2mA cm-2時(shí),以氮化鈦納米管/鈦網(wǎng)為催化電極構(gòu)筑的基于無機(jī)液/固活性物質(zhì)的光充電二次電池的首周放電容量為0.139mAh cm-2。光充電與電化學(xué)放電第10周時(shí),電池放電容量為0.124mAh cm-2,放電容量保持率為89.2%。該研究結(jié)果表明,采用氮化鈦納米管/鈦網(wǎng)為電催化電極構(gòu)筑的光充電二次電池實(shí)現(xiàn)了光能的直接轉(zhuǎn)化與存儲(chǔ)。 其次,鑒于電化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率和活性物質(zhì)擴(kuò)散速率在液體中比在固態(tài)中快的特點(diǎn),本論文借鑒液流電池的輸出功率和容量相對(duì)獨(dú)立的儲(chǔ)能原理,將染料敏化太陽能電池和液流電池進(jìn)行優(yōu)化組合構(gòu)筑了基于無機(jī)液/液活性物質(zhì)的光充二次電池。當(dāng)光照強(qiáng)度為100mWcm-2、光照時(shí)間為10分鐘、電解液流速為0.05mLmin-1、黑暗條件下放電電流密度為0.075mA cm-2、放電截止電壓為0.2V時(shí),基于碘化鋰溶液和鎢酸鋰溶液分別為正負(fù)極活性物質(zhì)的光充電二次電池的首周放電容量為0.0153mAh mL-1。特別指出的是電池可以重復(fù)進(jìn)行光充電和電化學(xué)放電。當(dāng)充放電循環(huán)到第10周時(shí),光可充電二次電池放電容量仍然保持為0.0151mAh mL-1,放電容量保持率為98.6%。研究結(jié)果顯示,以碘化鋰溶液和鎢酸鋰溶液為電解液構(gòu)筑的光充電二次電池可以直接轉(zhuǎn)換并存儲(chǔ)光能,而且能夠以穩(wěn)定的功率向外輸出能量。該研究工作表明,通過選擇費(fèi)米能級(jí)相互匹配的半導(dǎo)體、染料、可溶性正負(fù)極活性物質(zhì),基于無機(jī)液/液活性物質(zhì)的光充二次電池完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)光能的直接轉(zhuǎn)化與儲(chǔ)存。 最后,本論文研究了電化學(xué)活性有機(jī)分子在光充電二次電池中的應(yīng)用。自然界中,電化學(xué)活性有機(jī)化合物來源豐富,而且具有氧化還原電勢以及電化學(xué)活性隨著取代基種類及取代基的位置不同而有所改變的特點(diǎn)。該論文以喹喔啉及其衍生物溶液分別為負(fù)極、碘化鋰溶液為正極活性物構(gòu)筑了基于有機(jī)-無機(jī)液/液活性物質(zhì)的光充電二次電池。研究結(jié)果表明,以喹喔啉為負(fù)極活性物的光充電二次電池表現(xiàn)出了最佳的光充電與電化學(xué)放電性能。當(dāng)光照強(qiáng)度為100mWcm-2、光照時(shí)間為10分鐘、電解液流速為0.05mL min-1、光照時(shí)間為10分鐘、放電電流密度為O.10mA cm-2、放電截至電壓為0.2V時(shí),以喹喔啉為負(fù)極活性物的光充電二次電池的首周放電容量為O.0291mAh mL-1,充放電循環(huán)第20周時(shí),電池放電容量為0.0207mAh mL-1,電池放電容量保持率為71.1%。該研究工作為尋找、設(shè)計(jì)和合成具有可變氧化還原電勢和電化學(xué)活性的光充電二次電池用有機(jī)分子提供了新的方向。 總之,本論文構(gòu)筑并探索研究了基于染料敏化太陽能電池為基礎(chǔ)的光充電二次電池體系。論文提出的集光能轉(zhuǎn)換與存儲(chǔ)為一體的能量裝換存儲(chǔ)體系設(shè)計(jì)研究思路,對(duì)于探索開發(fā)新型的太陽能利用裝置提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:The demand for energy is increasing with the rapid development of human society. However, with the continuous consumption of fossil energy in the earth, the shortage of energy has become a bottleneck restricting the rapid development of today's society. Therefore, it is the best choice for the sustainable development of human society to seek the efficient use of renewable energy. The supply of renewable energy, which meets the future needs of human society, has many advantages, such as abundant reserves and friendly environment. Therefore, the inexhaustible solar energy is considered as the most suitable substitute for fossil energy. As an effective use device of light energy, solar cells are widely used in social life. But traditional solar power is used. There are also unavoidable defects in the pool: the power output of the solar cell is unstable due to the length of the earth's sunshine time, the influence of the strength and the strength, the energy output of the solar cell is unstable, and the light energy can not be stored. In the absence of light, the solar cell does not output the energy, and can only rely on the two batteries that are in parallel with the solar cell. Aiming at the shortage of solar cell, the paper takes the dye sensitized solar cell as the research foundation, uses the energy storage principle of the two battery, and designs the structure and reaction of the solar cell. In one structure unit, it constructs the two battery system of light charging, which integrates light energy conversion and storage.
Firstly, this paper uses the electrocatalytic active titanium nitride nanotube / titanium mesh as the reaction electrode, with the dye (N719) sensitized TiO2 as the photo anode, the tungsten trioxide as the negative active substance and the lithium iodide solution as the positive active substance, constructs the two times light charged battery based on the inorganic liquid / solid active substance. This work focuses on the study of the titanium nitride nanostructure. The application of tube / titanium mesh as a catalytic electrode in the two battery of light charged two times. The experimental results show that the titanium nitride nanotube / titanium network has a larger comparative area, good conductivity and electrocatalytic activity. It has a similar catalytic ability with the platinum / titanium mesh electrode. Under the light intensity of 100mWcm-2, the light illumination is 30 minutes later, under the dark condition, When the discharge cut-off voltage is 0.2 volts and the discharge current density is 0.2mA cm-2, the discharge capacity of the two battery, which is based on the inorganic liquid / solid active substance based on the titanium nitride nanotube / titanium mesh as the catalytic electrode, is 0.139mAh cm-2. light charging and electrochemical discharge for tenth weeks, and the discharge capacity of the battery is 0.124mAh cm-2, and the discharge capacity is guaranteed. The results showed that the direct conversion and storage of light energy was achieved by using the two times light charged cells constructed by the titanium nitride nanotube / titanium mesh as the electrocatalytic electrode for two times.
Secondly, in view of the characteristic that the rate of electrochemical reaction and the diffusion rate of active substances are faster in the liquid than in the solid, this paper uses the principle that the output power and capacity of the liquid flow battery is relatively independent, and combines the dye sensitized solar cell with the liquid flow battery to construct the two times of the light charge based on the inorganic liquid / liquid active substance. When the light intensity is 100mWcm-2, the illumination time is 10 minutes, the electrolyte flow velocity is 0.05mLmin-1, the discharge current density is 0.075mA cm-2 under the dark condition, the discharge cut-off voltage is 0.2V, the first week discharge capacity of the two battery based on lithium iodide solution and lithium tungstate solution as positive and negative active material is 0.0153mAh mL-1.. It is particularly pointed out that the battery can repeat the light charge and the electrochemical discharge. When the charge discharge cycle is tenth weeks, the discharge capacity of the two battery is still 0.0151mAh mL-1, the discharge capacity retention rate is 98.6%., and the two times the battery can be charged with lithium iodide solution and lithium tungstate solution as the electrolyte. In order to directly convert and store light energy and output energy at a stable power, the study shows that direct conversion and storage of light energy can be achieved by selecting semiconductors, dyes, soluble positive and negative active substances and two batteries based on inorganic liquid / liquid active substances by selecting the Fermi energy level.
Finally, in this paper, the application of electrochemical active organic molecules in the two battery of light charging is studied. In nature, the source of electrochemical active organic compounds is rich, and the redox potential and the electrochemical activity change with the different substituents and the location of the substituents. The biological solutions are negative and lithium iodide is used as positive active substance to construct a light charged two battery based on organic inorganic liquid / liquid active substance. The results show that the best light charging and electrochemical discharge performance of the two batteries with the negative active substance of the aquaquin is shown when the light intensity is 100mWcm-2 and the light is illuminated. The electrolyte flow rate is 10 minutes, the electrolyte flow velocity is 0.05mL min-1, the light time is 10 minutes, the discharge current density is O.10mA cm-2, the discharge end voltage is 0.2V, the first week discharge capacity of the two times of the light charging with the negative active substance is O.0291mAh mL-1, the discharge capacity of the battery is 0.0207mAh mL-1, the battery discharge capacity is 0.0207mAh mL-1, and the battery is put on the battery. The capacity retention rate is 71.1%.. The research work provides a new direction for the search, design and synthesis of organic molecules for two batteries with variable redox potential and electrochemical activity.
In this paper, the paper constructs and explores the two battery system based on the dye sensitized solar cell. The design of the energy conversion storage system based on the light energy conversion and storage is proposed in this paper, which provides a new way of thinking for the exploration and development of the new solar energy utilization device.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM914.4

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本文編號(hào)：1904739