本文選題：無(wú)觸點(diǎn) + 有載自動(dòng)調(diào)容�。� 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷波動(dòng)大,因此造成變壓器時(shí)而滿負(fù)荷甚至過(guò)負(fù)荷,時(shí)而輕載甚至空載。變壓器的損耗是由鐵損和銅損兩部分構(gòu)成。若變壓器容量不變而負(fù)荷變化,必將造成鐵損和銅損的比例也不同,使變壓器的損耗發(fā)生變化,所以,為使變壓器的損耗較小,必須當(dāng)負(fù)荷變化超過(guò)一定范圍時(shí),改變變壓器的容量,即變壓器的容量應(yīng)該根據(jù)負(fù)荷的大小而變化。變壓器容量的改變是通過(guò)觸發(fā)調(diào)容開(kāi)關(guān)的通斷來(lái)完成的,在調(diào)容開(kāi)關(guān)進(jìn)行觸發(fā)動(dòng)作后,改變配電變壓器高壓側(cè)與低壓側(cè)繞組的連接關(guān)系,從而改變配電變壓器上匝數(shù)的數(shù)量關(guān)系,達(dá)到調(diào)容的目的。為了達(dá)到降低這種調(diào)容變壓器損耗帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的目的,本文以無(wú)觸點(diǎn)有載自動(dòng)調(diào)容分接開(kāi)關(guān)及其觸發(fā)方式作為研究對(duì)象,該調(diào)容分接開(kāi)關(guān)由兩個(gè)晶閘管反并聯(lián)構(gòu)成,智能控制器根據(jù)檢測(cè)部分收集到的實(shí)時(shí)負(fù)荷數(shù)據(jù),控制調(diào)容分接開(kāi)關(guān)的導(dǎo)通與關(guān)斷,進(jìn)行高壓側(cè)D、Y轉(zhuǎn)換和低壓側(cè)串并聯(lián)變換,實(shí)現(xiàn)有載自動(dòng)調(diào)容,使得變壓器容量符合用戶端負(fù)荷大小,降低變壓器空載損耗。本文從現(xiàn)有的配電變壓器調(diào)容技術(shù)中所采用的分接開(kāi)關(guān),分析其在調(diào)容過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的諸多不安因素,如結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、調(diào)節(jié)速度緩慢等。通過(guò)對(duì)晶閘管過(guò)零觸發(fā)和移相觸發(fā)方式的分析比較,設(shè)計(jì)了基于反并聯(lián)晶閘管光纖觸發(fā)方式的配電變壓器無(wú)觸點(diǎn)有載自動(dòng)調(diào)容分接開(kāi)關(guān),對(duì)于一次側(cè)觸發(fā)電路中光接收器的供電問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了自取能直流供電電路。光纖觸發(fā)因其能有效處理高低壓電氣隔離問(wèn)題且更加安全穩(wěn)定得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,它也是提高有載自動(dòng)調(diào)容技術(shù)安全性與穩(wěn)定性的關(guān)鍵所在。結(jié)合本文對(duì)無(wú)觸點(diǎn)有載自動(dòng)調(diào)容技術(shù)的研究,選取適合的電力電子元件在仿真軟件Matlab/Simulink中搭建了無(wú)觸點(diǎn)有載自動(dòng)調(diào)容技術(shù)的仿真模型,對(duì)調(diào)容開(kāi)關(guān)的觸發(fā)切換過(guò)程進(jìn)行了模擬仿真分析研究。根據(jù)示波器得到的波形可以看出,調(diào)容開(kāi)關(guān)動(dòng)作時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的沖擊電流,由于晶閘管具有過(guò)零觸發(fā)的特性,對(duì)觸發(fā)時(shí)間進(jìn)行延時(shí)處理可以合理的解決晶閘管因沖擊電流導(dǎo)致的過(guò)熱燒毀。理論分析與仿真結(jié)果表明,調(diào)容開(kāi)關(guān)光纖觸發(fā)方式的提出,提高了調(diào)容過(guò)程中的安全性與可靠性,并且調(diào)容過(guò)程較穩(wěn)定。利用有載自動(dòng)調(diào)容技術(shù)可以減少變壓器總損耗,達(dá)到節(jié)能降損的效果,同時(shí)也減少了人員的投入,更加經(jīng)濟(jì)高效。
[Abstract]:Rural power grid load fluctuates greatly, resulting in transformer sometimes full load or even overload, sometimes light load or no load. Transformer loss is composed of iron loss and copper loss. If the transformer capacity is constant and the load changes, the ratio of iron loss and copper loss will be different, and the transformer loss will change. Therefore, in order to make the transformer loss less, it is necessary to change the load beyond a certain range. Changing the capacity of a transformer, that is, the capacity of a transformer should vary according to the size of the load. The change of transformer capacity is accomplished by triggering the on-off of the capacitive switch. After the capacitive switch is triggered, the connection between the high-voltage side of the distribution transformer and the low-voltage side winding is changed, and the connection between the high-voltage side of the distribution transformer and the low-voltage side winding is changed. In order to change the number of turns on the distribution transformer to achieve the purpose of capacity adjustment. In order to reduce the economic loss caused by the loss of this kind of adjusting transformer, this paper takes the contactless on-load automatic adjusting and capacitive switch and its triggering mode as the research object, which is composed of two thyristors in reverse parallel connection. According to the real time load data collected from the detection part, the intelligent controller controls the on-off and turn-off of the adjustable and capacitive switch, carries out the DY conversion of the high-voltage side and the series-parallel conversion of the low-voltage side, and realizes the on-load automatic capacity adjustment. Make the transformer capacity in line with the user load size, reduce the transformer no-load loss. In this paper, based on the tap switch used in the current capacitive adjustment technology of distribution transformer, many uneasiness factors, such as complex structure and slow adjusting speed, are analyzed. Based on the analysis and comparison of thyristor zero-crossing trigger and phase-shift trigger mode, an unloaded automatic capacitive switch for distribution transformer based on anti-parallel thyristor fiber trigger is designed. For the power supply of optical receiver in primary side trigger circuit, a DC power supply circuit is designed. Fiber trigger has been widely used because it can effectively deal with the problem of high and low voltage electrical isolation, and it is also the key to improve the security and stability of load automatic capacity adjustment technology. Combined with the research of contactless load automatic capacity adjustment technology in this paper, the simulation model of contactless load automatic capacity adjustment technology is built in the simulation software Matlab/Simulink, which is suitable for power electronic components. The trigger switching process of the capacitive switch is simulated and analyzed. According to the waveform obtained from the oscilloscope, it can be seen that the surge current will be produced when the capacitive switch is in action, because the thyristor has the property of zero crossing trigger. The delay treatment of trigger time can reasonably solve the overheating and burnout of thyristor caused by impact current. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the security and reliability of the capacitive adjusting process are improved by the proposed trigger mode of the capacitive switch fiber, and the capacitive adjusting process is more stable. Using the technology of automatic capacity adjustment on load can reduce the total loss of transformer, achieve the effect of saving energy and reducing the loss, at the same time, it also reduces the investment of personnel, and is more economical and efficient.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM421

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