本文選題：鉛酸蓄電池 + 監(jiān)測��； 參考：《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在當(dāng)今社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展的背景下，汽車的發(fā)展和生產(chǎn)也在加速。不過，由于汽車所產(chǎn)生的污染物質(zhì)導(dǎo)致了能源危機(jī)、壞境污染、全球的氣溫上升，這對(duì)保護(hù)環(huán)境和能源危機(jī)的壓力日益增大。于是，對(duì)于綠色節(jié)能和減少污染排放是未來在汽車技術(shù)方面提升的主要方向，而電池的管理系統(tǒng)作為電動(dòng)車中一個(gè)核心的部分，成為了以后對(duì)電動(dòng)車領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的一個(gè)研究重點(diǎn)。如今對(duì)電動(dòng)車的發(fā)展和研究提出了更高的要求，但解決電動(dòng)車的主要問題是電池問題，所以對(duì)電池的保護(hù)和性能提升是關(guān)鍵的方面。 本文首先通過分析了國內(nèi)外在電池管理方面的研究現(xiàn)狀，然后針對(duì)實(shí)際情況，設(shè)計(jì)了一種蓄電池監(jiān)測和充放電控制系統(tǒng)。本論文是以12V/20AH鉛酸蓄電池為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)鉛酸蓄電池的原理和特性方面進(jìn)行了解，得到影響鉛酸蓄電池性能的一些因素�；谝糟U酸蓄電池的性能和使用壽命為目標(biāo)，通過對(duì)蓄電池實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測的方法來控制對(duì)蓄電池的充放電，使蓄電池處于最佳工作狀態(tài)，這有利于蓄電池的壽命延長。對(duì)蓄電池的監(jiān)測方面主要包括有電壓、電流和電池容量，因?yàn)樵谶^/欠壓或過/欠流充放電的狀態(tài)下對(duì)蓄電池的性能方面影響較大。本文設(shè)定的剩余電池容量是低于45%時(shí)開始充電，高于70%時(shí)停止充電，這主要是根據(jù)研究的蓄電池型號(hào)的參數(shù)來設(shè)定的。另一方面，設(shè)定一個(gè)單獨(dú)的均衡模塊，此模塊主要是為了當(dāng)電池組內(nèi)單體電池電量不一致時(shí)，均衡各單體電池的電量，而且能夠使各電池在充放電的時(shí)候能夠同時(shí)達(dá)到充放電的終止電壓。 不同的蓄電池的充放電要求不同。在這方面，隨著蓄電池技術(shù)的發(fā)展，要求也會(huì)隨之提高，本課題的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐，雖然只能在對(duì)一般要求的電動(dòng)車方面的蓄電池能夠很好的應(yīng)用，但是總體來說，本系統(tǒng)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)方式，通過主控制單元與各個(gè)模塊協(xié)同工作能夠在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中很好的管理蓄電池的充放電，并通過對(duì)蓄電池的反復(fù)充放電實(shí)驗(yàn)，，能夠使蓄電池的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)達(dá)到自己所設(shè)定的參數(shù)。但是對(duì)各個(gè)電路的設(shè)計(jì)并沒有很好的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)，希望在今后的電路設(shè)計(jì)中能夠更好的設(shè)計(jì)出高效的電路來改善研究課題。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rapid development of society and economy, the development and production of automobile is also accelerating. However, the pressure on the environment and energy crisis is growing as pollution from cars causes energy crises, environmental pollution and rising global temperatures. As a result, green energy saving and reducing pollution emissions are the main directions of future improvement in automotive technology. As a core part of electric vehicles, battery management system has become a research focus in the field of electric vehicles in the future. Nowadays, the development and research of electric vehicle have put forward higher requirements, but the main problem of solving electric vehicle is battery problem, so the protection and performance improvement of battery is the key aspect. In this paper, the current situation of battery management at home and abroad is analyzed, and then a battery monitoring and charging and discharging control system is designed according to the actual situation. In this paper, 12V/20AH lead-acid battery is taken as the research object, the principle and characteristics of lead-acid battery are understood, and some factors affecting the performance of lead-acid battery are obtained. Based on the aim of the performance and service life of lead-acid battery, the charge and discharge of the battery is controlled by the method of real-time monitoring of the battery, so that the battery is in the best working state, which is beneficial to prolong the battery life. The monitoring of the battery mainly includes voltage, current and battery capacity, because the performance of the battery is greatly affected by overvoltage or overcurrent / undercurrent discharge. The residual battery capacity set in this paper is to start charging when it is lower than 45 and stop charging when it is higher than 70. This is mainly based on the parameters of the battery model studied. On the other hand, a separate equalization module is set up to equalize the power of each single cell when the battery pack is not in accordance with the charge of the single cell. And can make the battery charge and discharge at the same time to achieve the end of the charge and discharge voltage. The charge and discharge requirements of different batteries are different. In this respect, with the development of battery technology, the requirements will also be raised. Although the design practice of this subject can only be applied well to the general requirements of electric vehicles, but generally speaking, This system adopts the modular design method, through the main control unit and each module work together in the practical application, can manage the battery charge and discharge, and through the battery repeated charge and discharge experiment, Can make each index of battery reach the parameter that oneself sets. However, there is no good innovation in the design of each circuit. We hope to better design efficient circuits to improve the research topic in the future circuit design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM912

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