本文選題：光伏發(fā)電 + MPPT　； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：面對世界能源危機和全球環(huán)境問題的日漸突出,以太陽能為代表的清潔可再生能源正受到越來越廣泛的關(guān)注。一般情況下,并網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)只向電網(wǎng)輸送有功電能。但是,在夜間或者光照強度較弱的情況下,光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)將停止供電,設(shè)備利用率較低。針對這一問題,本文采用基于瞬時無功功率理論的光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)有功無功綜合控制策略,在實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)并網(wǎng)發(fā)電的同時對電網(wǎng)無功進行補償。在不增加專用無功補償設(shè)備的情況下,提高整個系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟性。 本文首先根據(jù)光伏電池的數(shù)學(xué)表達式,在仿真軟件MATLAB/Simulink中建立模型。當外界溫度、光照條件變化時,分析研究了光伏電池的輸出電壓、電流與輸出功率之間的非線性特點。介紹了MPPT技術(shù)的實現(xiàn)原理,在傳統(tǒng)模糊控制的基礎(chǔ)上,將模糊規(guī)則自整定方法應(yīng)用到光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)MPPT中,結(jié)合幾種常見的MPPT方法,分別進行了對比仿真實現(xiàn),結(jié)果表明基于模糊規(guī)則自整定MPPT方法在應(yīng)對環(huán)境突變時也表現(xiàn)出良好的適應(yīng)性。同時分析了PQ恒功率控制原理,搭建了PQ控制模型,驗證了PQ控制的運行特性,實現(xiàn)了單位功率因數(shù)并網(wǎng)。 其次,介紹了瞬時無功功率理論,研究分析了逆變器控制方法,對光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)無功補償功能的實現(xiàn)進行了理論探討。在此基礎(chǔ)上,仿真驗證了基于瞬時無功功率理論的諧波和無功電流檢測技術(shù)的可行性,仿真結(jié)果表明無功補償效果良好,響應(yīng)迅速。搭建了系統(tǒng)仿真模型,構(gòu)成了并網(wǎng)發(fā)電與無功補償功能的光伏并網(wǎng)綜合控制系統(tǒng)。模擬仿真了白天、夜晚兩種工況條件下,光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)對配電網(wǎng)功率的影響。仿真結(jié)果表明,夜晚具有無功補償功能的光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng),對于減少電網(wǎng)傳輸無功、增大系統(tǒng)利用率,提高本地負載電壓水平具有明顯效果。 最后,研究了孤島現(xiàn)象,介紹了光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)幾種常用的主動式孤島檢測方法的實現(xiàn)原理及優(yōu)缺點。搭建了基于滑模頻率偏移法的孤島檢測模型,對孤島狀態(tài)進行檢測與仿真控制。
[Abstract]:In the face of the world energy crisis and global environmental problems, clean and renewable energy, represented by solar energy, is receiving more and more attention. In general, grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system only conveys active power to the power grid. However, in the case of night or weak light intensity, PV grid-connected power system will stop power supply, equipment utilization is low. To solve this problem, the active and reactive power integrated control strategy of photovoltaic grid-connected generation system based on instantaneous reactive power theory is adopted in this paper, and the reactive power is compensated while the system is grid-connected. The economy of the whole system is improved without adding special reactive power compensation equipment. Firstly, according to the mathematical expression of photovoltaic cell, the model is established in the simulation software MATLAB/Simulink. The nonlinear characteristics of the output voltage, current and output power of the photovoltaic cell are analyzed when the external temperature and illumination conditions change. The realization principle of MPPT technology is introduced. On the basis of traditional fuzzy control, fuzzy rule self-tuning method is applied to photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system MPPT, and several common MPPT methods are compared and simulated respectively. The results show that the self-tuning MPPT method based on fuzzy rules has good adaptability to environmental mutation. At the same time, the principle of PQ constant power control is analyzed, the PQ control model is set up, the operation characteristic of PQ control is verified, and the unit power factor is connected to the grid. Secondly, the theory of instantaneous reactive power is introduced, the control method of inverter is analyzed, and the realization of reactive power compensation function of grid-connected photovoltaic system is discussed theoretically. On this basis, the feasibility of harmonic and reactive current detection technology based on instantaneous reactive power theory is verified by simulation. The simulation results show that reactive power compensation has good effect and rapid response. The system simulation model is set up, and the integrated control system of grid-connected photovoltaic system is constructed with the function of grid-connected generation and reactive power compensation. The influence of photovoltaic system on the power of distribution network is simulated under the conditions of day and night. The simulation results show that the photovoltaic grid-connected generation system with the function of reactive power compensation at night has obvious effect on reducing the reactive power transmission increasing the utilization ratio of the system and increasing the local load voltage level. Finally, the islanding phenomenon is studied, and the realization principle, advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used active islanding detection methods for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system are introduced. An islanding detection model based on sliding mode frequency offset method is built to detect and simulate the island state.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

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本文編號：1854517