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  本文選題：太陽能熱發(fā)電 + 升溫升壓�。� 參考：《華北電力大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來太陽能熱發(fā)電技術(shù)已成為世界范圍內(nèi)可再生能源領(lǐng)域的熱點,世界各國都在積極發(fā)展自己的太陽能熱發(fā)電事業(yè)。為了探索低成本、商業(yè)化、大規(guī)模太陽能塔式熱發(fā)電的技術(shù)途徑,科技部在“十一五”期間設(shè)立863計劃重點項目——“太陽能熱發(fā)電技術(shù)及系統(tǒng)示范”,并由中國科學院電工研究所牽頭建設(shè)了我國第一臺塔式太陽能熱發(fā)電站——八達嶺塔式太陽能熱發(fā)電站。 八達嶺塔式太陽能熱發(fā)電站的吸熱器為腔式吸熱器,其作用是將太陽能的光能轉(zhuǎn)化為水工質(zhì)攜帶的熱能,吸熱器是塔式太陽能熱發(fā)電站的關(guān)鍵部件,它的壽命及運行性能直接影響到電站的安全和運行效率。由于晝夜交替、天氣變化以及云遮的存在,太陽能吸熱器相對于常規(guī)電站鍋爐來說要頻繁的經(jīng)歷啟停過程和變工況運行,這對吸熱器的安全運行是一個考驗。不同于常規(guī)電站鍋爐,腔式吸熱器的過熱器和蒸發(fā)受熱面(相當于鍋爐的水冷壁)布置在同一個腔體內(nèi),故過熱器與蒸發(fā)受熱面的受熱環(huán)境幾乎相同,溫度較高,在吸熱器啟動的升溫升壓階段,汽包中產(chǎn)生的飽和蒸汽較少,對過熱器的冷卻作用極為有限,因此,很有必要研究一下吸熱器升溫升壓階段過熱器壽命損耗量。 本文利用彈性理論,計算了過熱器管子由內(nèi)壓產(chǎn)生的機械應(yīng)力；根據(jù)過熱器管壁的工作原理,建立過熱器管壁的非穩(wěn)態(tài)導熱微分方程和邊界條件,并進行離散求解,得到過熱器管壁的溫度場,再由熱彈性理論求得由徑向溫差引起的環(huán)向熱應(yīng)力；利用模塊化仿真的方法計算了沿過熱管長度方向上過熱蒸汽吸熱量變化率的分布；最后以八達嶺塔式太陽能熱發(fā)電站吸熱器的過熱器為研究對象,根據(jù)德國TRD301計算標準和羅賓遜法則計算得到了升溫升壓過程造成的過熱器的疲勞壽命損耗和蠕變壽命損耗。本文的研究內(nèi)容可以從保護過熱器的角度,指導八達嶺塔式太陽能熱發(fā)電站的升溫升壓過程。
[Abstract]:In recent years, solar thermal power generation technology has become a worldwide hot spot in the field of renewable energy, and countries all over the world are actively developing their own solar thermal power generation. In order to explore the technical approaches of low-cost, commercialized and large-scale solar thermal power generation, the Ministry of Science and Technology set up a key project of the 863 project, "demonstration of Solar Thermal Power Technology and system", during the 11th Five-Year Plan. And the first tower solar thermal power station-Badaling tower solar thermal power station was built by Electrical Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The heat absorber of the tower solar power station in Badaling is a cavity type heat absorber, whose function is to convert the light energy of the solar energy into the heat energy carried by the water working fluid, and the heat absorber is the key component of the tower solar energy thermal power station. Its life and operation performance directly affect the safety and operation efficiency of the power station. Because of the alternating day and night, the weather change and the existence of cloud cover, the solar energy absorber often goes through the start and stop process and the off-condition operation compared with the conventional utility boiler, which is a test for the safe operation of the heat absorber. Unlike conventional power plant boilers, the superheater and evaporative heating surface (equivalent to the water wall of the boiler) are arranged in the same chamber, so the superheater and the evaporative heating surface are almost the same in the heating environment and the temperature is higher. In the stage of heating up and pressure rising at the start of the absorber, the saturated steam produced in the drum is less and the cooling effect on the superheater is very limited. Therefore, it is necessary to study the life loss of the superheater in the stage of heating and increasing pressure of the absorber. In this paper, the mechanical stress of superheater tube caused by internal pressure is calculated by means of elastic theory, and according to the working principle of superheater tube wall, the differential equation of unsteady heat conduction and boundary condition of superheater tube wall are established, and the discrete solution is carried out. The temperature field of the tube wall of the superheater is obtained, and the circumferential thermal stress caused by the radial temperature difference is obtained by thermoelastic theory, and the distribution of the heat absorption rate of superheated steam along the length of the superheater tube is calculated by using the modular simulation method. Finally, taking the superheater of the solar absorber of Badaling tower solar power station as the research object, the fatigue life loss and creep life loss of the superheater caused by the temperature rise and pressure rise process are calculated according to the German TRD301 calculation standard and the Robinson rule. The research in this paper can guide the heating and increasing process of Badaling tower solar thermal power station from the point of view of protecting superheater.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

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本文編號：1843132