本文選題：風(fēng)柴儲混合發(fā)電系統(tǒng) + 頻率控制　； 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球常規(guī)能源的枯竭,世界各國紛紛開始關(guān)注分布式發(fā)電。由于分布式電源的不可控性和隨機性,其滲透率的提高增加了對電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的負(fù)面影響。為充分利用可再生能源和對各種分布式發(fā)電單元進行有效管理,提出了微網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。微網(wǎng)有并網(wǎng)和孤島運行兩種模式,當(dāng)微電網(wǎng)運行于并網(wǎng)模式時,其頻率由大電網(wǎng)提供支撐;當(dāng)微電網(wǎng)運行于孤島模式時,與大電網(wǎng)連接斷開,微網(wǎng)只能依靠自身來維持頻率的穩(wěn)定。由于負(fù)荷的不可預(yù)測性、風(fēng)能的隨機性和間歇性使得微網(wǎng)運行時的頻率控制具有一定難度,頻率控制成為了微網(wǎng)孤島運行時的關(guān)鍵問題。針對微網(wǎng)孤島運行時頻率難控制的問題,本文提出了一種基于負(fù)荷和風(fēng)力發(fā)電預(yù)測的風(fēng)柴儲微網(wǎng)頻率控制方法,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1、研究并分析了風(fēng)柴儲微網(wǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和主要組件的運行特性,并給出了基于負(fù)荷和風(fēng)力發(fā)電預(yù)測的風(fēng)柴儲微網(wǎng)頻率控制方法的原理和控制結(jié)構(gòu)圖,該控制結(jié)構(gòu)由基于負(fù)荷預(yù)測的風(fēng)柴分配模塊和儲能電池實時控制模塊組成。2、為了減小風(fēng)電和負(fù)荷波動對于系統(tǒng)頻率的影響和充分利用負(fù)荷和風(fēng)力發(fā)電的預(yù)測信息,本文設(shè)計了風(fēng)柴功率分配模塊,根據(jù)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機和柴油機下一時刻的預(yù)測值與此時的實際值之間的差值設(shè)計了模糊控制器,修正了風(fēng)機和柴油機的分配功率值,減小可能出現(xiàn)的有功功率供需之間的差額,從而減小了微電網(wǎng)可能出現(xiàn)的頻率波動。利用仿真軟件MATLAB搭建模型,與不利用負(fù)荷和風(fēng)力發(fā)電的預(yù)測信息的頻率控制策略對比,仿真結(jié)果表明本文提出的控制方法不僅能夠很好地控制系統(tǒng)的頻率波動,還能夠平滑柴油機的輸出,避免了其頻繁動作,減小了對柴油機的損耗,還能夠減小儲能電池的充放電功率,避免儲能電池過充過放。3、由于預(yù)測數(shù)據(jù)與實際數(shù)據(jù)之間有誤差,需要利用儲能電池來實時地控制微電網(wǎng)的頻率。但是儲能電池傳統(tǒng)的下垂控制存在下垂系數(shù)調(diào)節(jié)困難,有靜差,抗干擾能力差的缺點,有必要對其進行改進。本文設(shè)計了基于擴張狀態(tài)觀測器的實時頻率補償控制器,將負(fù)荷與風(fēng)電的波動當(dāng)作系統(tǒng)的干擾,將儲能電池和微網(wǎng)的傳遞函數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為狀態(tài)空間表達(dá)式,作為被控對象,調(diào)整控制器的參數(shù),使得微網(wǎng)的頻率穩(wěn)定在額定值附近,利用仿真軟件MATLAB搭建模型,與傳統(tǒng)的下垂控制策略進行對比,仿真結(jié)果表明基于自抗擾控制器的儲能電池實時頻率控制策略的頻率穩(wěn)定性更強,抗干擾能力也增強。
[Abstract]:With the depletion of global conventional energy, the world began to pay attention to distributed power generation. Due to the uncontrollability and randomness of distributed power generation, the increase of permeability increases the negative impact on power system stability. In order to make full use of renewable energy and manage all kinds of distributed power generation units, a microgrid structure is proposed. Microgrid has two modes: grid-connected mode and islanding operation mode. When microgrid is running in grid-connected mode, its frequency is supported by large grid, and when micro-grid is running in islanding mode, it is disconnected from large grid. Microgrids can only rely on themselves to maintain frequency stability. Because of the unpredictability of load and the randomness and intermittency of wind energy, it is difficult to control the frequency of microgrid operation, and frequency control has become a key problem in the operation of microgrid island. In order to solve the problem that the frequency of microgrid island is difficult to control, a new frequency control method based on load and wind power generation prediction is proposed in this paper. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The structure and operation characteristics of the main components of the micro-grid are studied and analyzed, and the principle and control structure of the frequency control method based on load and wind power generation prediction are given. The control structure consists of a load forecasting module based on wind and firewood distribution and a real time control module of energy storage battery. In order to reduce the influence of wind power and load fluctuation on system frequency and make full use of the forecasting information of load and wind power generation. Based on the difference between the predicted value and the actual value of the next moment of the wind turbine and diesel engine, the fuzzy controller is designed, and the distribution power value of the fan and diesel engine is corrected. The difference between supply and demand of active power is reduced, which reduces the frequency fluctuation of microgrid. The simulation software MATLAB is used to build a model, which is compared with the frequency control strategy without the predictive information of load and wind power generation. The simulation results show that the proposed control method can not only control the frequency fluctuation of the system very well. It can also smooth the output of the diesel engine, avoid its frequent action, reduce the loss of the diesel engine, reduce the charge and discharge power of the energy storage battery, and avoid the overcharge and overdischarge of the energy storage battery. Because of the error between the predicted data and the actual data, Energy storage batteries need to be used to control the frequency of the microgrid in real time. But the traditional droop control of energy storage battery is difficult to adjust the sag coefficient, has the shortcomings of static error and poor anti-interference ability, so it is necessary to improve it. In this paper, a real-time frequency compensation controller based on extended state observer is designed. The fluctuation of load and wind power is regarded as the disturbance of the system, and the transfer function of energy storage cell and microgrid is converted into the expression of state space, which is regarded as the controlled object. The parameters of the controller are adjusted to make the frequency of the microgrid stable near the rated value. The simulation software MATLAB is used to build the model, which is compared with the traditional droop control strategy. The simulation results show that the real-time frequency control strategy of energy storage battery based on ADRC has stronger frequency stability and stronger anti-jamming ability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614

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