本文選題：三相四線制 + 有源濾波器�。� 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代電力電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展,各種電力電了裝置得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,但也給電網(wǎng)帶來了嚴(yán)重的諧波污染,威脅著電網(wǎng)和用電設(shè)備的安全。我國的低壓配電系統(tǒng)主要采用三相四線制方式供電。三相四線系統(tǒng)中主要有對稱的三相負(fù)載和單相負(fù)載,這些負(fù)載大多具有非線性特性及不對稱性,這將在系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生很大的諧波電流及過大的中線電流。對稱三相非線性負(fù)載產(chǎn)生正序諧波和負(fù)序諧波,但單相非線性負(fù)載雖然單臺(tái)功率較小,但因其數(shù)量龐大,將在電網(wǎng)中產(chǎn)生大量的零序諧波電流,而且在中線上相互疊加,所產(chǎn)生的諧波是極其嚴(yán)重的。它一方面使得中線電流大大超過額定值,可能導(dǎo)致中線故障,產(chǎn)生中點(diǎn)移位,造成用戶端相電壓不平衡,影響用電安全：另一方面可能使設(shè)備因過熱而損壞絕緣,危及設(shè)備安全。此外,電力系統(tǒng)中的諧波電流還將增加線路損耗,降低功率因數(shù)等。所以,三相四線制系統(tǒng)中的諧波抑制、中線電流消除及三相電流平衡具有重要的意義,已成為電力系統(tǒng)電能質(zhì)量問題的研究熱點(diǎn)。針對目前采用四橋臂有源濾波器解決三相四線制系統(tǒng)中的諧波及中線電流過大等問題,本文開展了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究工作。首先,討論了基于瞬時(shí)無功功率理論的三相四線制系統(tǒng)諧波電流檢測方法,分析和比較了p-q法和p-q-r法的原理及特點(diǎn)�；谒矔r(shí)無功功率理論的諧波檢測方法的原理是通過坐標(biāo)變換,將三相電流中基波正序分量變換為直流分量,諧波及基波負(fù)序分量變換為交流分量,采用低通濾波器分離直流分量和交流分量,經(jīng)反變換后得到含無功分量及諧波分量的參考電流信號(hào)。但當(dāng)電源電壓不對稱或含有諧波時(shí),坐標(biāo)變換后的直流分量將含有基波負(fù)序分量,因此,常規(guī)的p-q法無法得到良好的效果,這可通過鎖相環(huán)提取電源電壓正序分量來消除檢測誤差。論文分析了常規(guī)鎖相環(huán)的原理及結(jié)構(gòu),提出了一種新的基于非線性PI調(diào)節(jié)器的三相鎖相環(huán)及三相四線制系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)p-q諧波檢測算法,仿真及實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明所提算法具有更好的檢測精度及動(dòng)態(tài)性能。其次,基于瞬時(shí)無功功率理論的諧波檢測方法雖然是一種應(yīng)用非常廣泛的方法,但需要復(fù)雜的坐標(biāo)變換、低通濾波器及鎖相環(huán)等。為此,針對三相四線制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),提出了一種基于二維線性濾波器的三相四線制系統(tǒng)諧波電流檢測方法。該方法將三相四線制系統(tǒng)分解為3個(gè)獨(dú)立的單相系統(tǒng),用3個(gè)二維線性濾波器分別提取不對稱的各相基波電流分量,再通過瞬時(shí)對稱分量計(jì)算,得到三相系統(tǒng)的基波電流正序分量,從而提取出諧波電流及無功電流分量。二維線性濾波器是基于自適應(yīng)陷波器構(gòu)造,與系統(tǒng)參數(shù)及電源電壓無關(guān),因此,所提算法具有很好的魯棒性,且檢測精度與電源電壓無關(guān),且無需低通濾波器及鎖相環(huán)。在對稱電源電壓、不對稱電源電壓、對稱畸變電源電壓及不對稱畸變電源電壓四種情況下的仿真及實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明了所提方法的正確性和有效性。再者,電流滯環(huán)控制因其無條件的穩(wěn)定性、響應(yīng)的快速性、與系統(tǒng)參數(shù)無關(guān)、很高的控制精度及實(shí)現(xiàn)簡單等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在有源濾波器的電流控制中得到廣泛運(yùn)用,但其最大的問題是開關(guān)頻率不固定,開關(guān)管的損耗較大。通過理論分析和系統(tǒng)仿真,確定了常規(guī)滯環(huán)控制方式下影響開關(guān)頻率的主要因素,提出了一種模糊自適應(yīng)的可變環(huán)寬滯環(huán)控制算法。算法根據(jù)電源電壓的變化及跟蹤電流偏差信號(hào)的變化,動(dòng)態(tài)地調(diào)整滯環(huán)的寬度,有效地減小了開關(guān)管的開關(guān)頻率及其變化范圍,實(shí)現(xiàn)了準(zhǔn)定頻的滯環(huán)控制。通過對常規(guī)滯環(huán)控制、自適應(yīng)滯環(huán)控制及模糊自適應(yīng)滯環(huán)控制三種方式下的仿真及實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,模糊自適應(yīng)滯環(huán)控制方式相較于常規(guī)滯環(huán)控制方式,開關(guān)管開關(guān)頻率下降了近60%,頻率變化范圍僅約為原來的30%。此外,通過對單相不對稱三電平逆變器結(jié)構(gòu)及原理的深入分析,提出了一種三相四橋臂三電平不對稱逆變器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),討論了三相四橋臂不對稱三電平結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),提出了基于abc坐標(biāo)系下四橋臂不對稱三電平逆變器的SVPWM控制算法。研究了單相不對稱三電平逆變器結(jié)構(gòu)及空間矢量調(diào)制算法,并將其應(yīng)用于有源濾波器中,實(shí)現(xiàn)了諧波抑制。對單相不對稱三電平逆變器的直流側(cè)中點(diǎn)電位變化的原因進(jìn)行了分析,提出了三電平不對稱結(jié)構(gòu)的雙閉環(huán)中點(diǎn)控制方法,較好地實(shí)現(xiàn)了中點(diǎn)電位的控制。通過仿真及實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了所提結(jié)構(gòu)及控制方法的正確性和有效性。最后,以TMS320F2812 DSP為控制核心,研制了小功率并聯(lián)式三相四橋臂有源濾波器實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī),完成了相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證和研究。通過研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,本文研究并提出的關(guān)于并聯(lián)式三相四橋臂有源電力濾波器的諧波電流檢測算法、模糊自適應(yīng)滯環(huán)控制、四橋臂三電平不對稱逆變器結(jié)構(gòu)及其空間矢量控制(SVPWM控制)等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的一些理論和方法是正確和可行的,能夠用于有源濾波器的實(shí)際開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)中
[Abstract]:With the development of modern power electronics technology, all kinds of electrical and electrical devices have been widely used, but it also brings serious harmonic pollution to the power grid, which threatens the safety of power grid and electrical equipment. Our country's low-voltage distribution system mainly uses three-phase four wire system power supply. Three phase and four wire systems are mainly symmetrical three phase load and single. In phase load, most of these loads have nonlinear characteristics and asymmetries, which will produce large harmonic currents and too large midline currents in the system. Symmetric three-phase nonlinear loads produce positive and negative sequence harmonics. Although single phase nonlinear loads are small in single power, a large number of them will produce a large amount of power in the power grid. The zero sequence harmonic current, which is superimposed on the middle line, is extremely serious. On the one hand, it makes the middle line current much more than the rated value, which may cause the midline fault, produce midpoint shift, cause the imbalance of the end phase voltage of the user, and affect the electricity safety: on the other hand, it may cause the equipment to damage insulation due to overheating and endanger the installation. In addition, the harmonic current in the power system will also increase the loss of the line and reduce the power factor. Therefore, the harmonic suppression in the three-phase four wire system, the elimination of the middle line current and the balance of the three-phase current are of great significance. It has become the research hotspot of the power quality problem of the power system. At present, the active filter of the four bridge arm is adopted. In order to solve the problems of harmonic and middle line current in the three-phase four wire system, the following research work is carried out in this paper. First, the harmonic current detection method of three-phase four wire system based on instantaneous reactive power theory is discussed. The principle and characteristics of P-Q and p-q-r are analyzed and compared. Based on the instantaneous reactive power theory, the theory and the characteristics of the system are analyzed and compared. The principle of harmonic detection is to transform the positive sequence component of fundamental wave into DC component in the three-phase current, the harmonic and the negative sequence components of the fundamental wave are transformed into AC components, the DC component and the AC component are separated by the low pass filter, and the reference current signals with the reactive power and the harmonic components are obtained after the inverse transformation, but the power supply is used as the power supply. When the voltage is asymmetrical or harmonic, the DC component after the coordinate transformation will contain the negative sequence component of the fundamental wave. Therefore, the conventional P-Q method can not get a good effect. This can extract the positive sequence component of the power supply by the phase locked loop to eliminate the detection error. The improved P-Q harmonic detection algorithm for the three-phase phase locked loop and the three-phase four wire system of the sex PI regulator. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better detection precision and dynamic performance. Secondly, the harmonic detection method based on the instantaneous reactive power theory is an unusual and widely used method, but it needs complex coordinate changes. In this way, a three phase and four wire system harmonic current detection method based on two dimensional linear filter is proposed. This method decomposes the three-phase four wire system into 3 independent single-phase systems and extracts the asymmetrical each with 3 two-dimensional linear filters, according to the structure characteristics of the three-phase four wire system. The phase fundamental wave current component is calculated by the instantaneous symmetric component, and the positive sequence component of the basic wave current of the three-phase system is obtained, thus the harmonic current and the reactive current component are extracted. The two-dimensional linear filter is based on the adaptive trap structure and is independent of the system parameters and the power supply voltage. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has good robustness and detection precision. The degree is independent of the power supply voltage, and there is no need for low pass filter and phase locked loop. The simulation and experimental results in four cases of symmetrical power supply voltage, asymmetric power supply voltage, symmetric distortion power supply voltage and asymmetric distortion power supply show that the proposed method is correct and effective, and the current hysteresis control is unstable because of its unconditional stability, The fast response, independent of the system parameters, high control precision and simple realization, has been widely used in the current control of active filter, but its biggest problem is that the switching frequency is not fixed and the loss of the switch tube is large. Through the theoretical analysis and system imitation, it determines the influence of the switching frequency under the conventional hysteresis control mode. The main factor of the rate is a fuzzy adaptive variable ring wide hysteresis loop control algorithm. The algorithm dynamically adjusts the width of the hysteresis loop according to the change of the power supply voltage and the variation of the tracking current deviation signal, effectively reduces the switching frequency and the range of change of the switch tube, and realizes the hysteresis control of the quasi fixed frequency. The simulation and experiment of three kinds of loop control, adaptive hysteresis control and fuzzy adaptive hysteresis control show that the switching frequency of the switch tube is reduced by nearly 60% compared with the conventional hysteresis control mode, and the frequency range is only about 30%., and the single phase asymmetric three level inverter is changed. An in-depth analysis of the structure and principle of a three-phase four bridge arm three level asymmetrical inverter is proposed. The asymmetric three level structure of the three-phase four bridge arm is discussed. A SVPWM control algorithm based on the four arm asymmetrical three level inverter in the ABC coordinate system is proposed. The structure of the single phase asymmetric three level inverter is studied. The space vector modulation algorithm, which should be used in the active filter, realizes the harmonic suppression. The reason for the change of the neutral point potential in the DC side of the single phase unsymmetrical three level inverter is analyzed. The double closed loop middle point control method of the three level asymmetric structure is proposed, which can better realize the control of the midpoint potential. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed structure and control method are verified. Finally, with TMS320F2812 DSP as the control core, an experimental prototype of a small power shunt three-phase four arm active filter is developed, and the related experimental verification and research are completed. Through the research and experimental verification, the parallel three-phase four bridge arm is studied and proposed in this paper. The harmonic current detection algorithm of active power filter, the fuzzy adaptive hysteresis control, the four bridge arm three level asymmetric inverter structure and the space vector control (SVPWM control) are correct and feasible, and can be used in the actual development and production of active power filter.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM761;TN713.8

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2 周達(dá)開;基于BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的諧波電流檢測及有源濾波器設(shè)計(jì)[D];東北大學(xué);2013年

3 張春香;有源濾波器產(chǎn)品試驗(yàn)裝置與測試方法研究[D];河北工業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

4 辛張楠;基于三電平雙Buck全橋逆變器的單相并聯(lián)有源濾波器[D];南京航空航天大學(xué);2014年

5 高新華;激光雷達(dá)截面測量系統(tǒng)中有源濾波器穩(wěn)定技術(shù)研究[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2014年

6 盧鋒;影響并聯(lián)有源濾波器補(bǔ)償性能的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及其實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[D];蘭州交通大學(xué);2015年

7 韓迪;某波磁通補(bǔ)償式串聯(lián)混合型有源濾波器的研究[D];南京郵電大學(xué);2015年

8 和志威;電力有源濾波器控制方法研究[D];河南理工大學(xué);2014年

9 黃光敢;有源濾波器對變流器諧波補(bǔ)償?shù)难芯颗c仿真[D];浙江工業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

10 董雪;某電解鋁廠的有源濾波器設(shè)計(jì)與MATLAB仿真[D];河北科技大學(xué);2015年

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