本文選題：風(fēng)力發(fā)電 + 離網(wǎng)��； 參考：《山東建筑大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：離網(wǎng)風(fēng)力發(fā)電使用靈活、初投資小、清潔安全,適合解決邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的生產(chǎn)生活用電難題。此外,在我國(guó)內(nèi)陸地區(qū)也有著豐富的風(fēng)能資源,發(fā)展離網(wǎng)風(fēng)電,對(duì)促進(jìn)生態(tài)建設(shè),改善用能結(jié)構(gòu),有著積極意義。目前,離網(wǎng)風(fēng)力發(fā)電亟待解決的兩個(gè)問題：一是研究高效的最大風(fēng)能捕獲控制技術(shù),以提高風(fēng)能利用,進(jìn)一步降低風(fēng)電成本；二是減少輸出電壓波動(dòng),提高用戶電能質(zhì)量。為此,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種獨(dú)立運(yùn)行的離網(wǎng)風(fēng)力發(fā)電控制系統(tǒng)：一方面改進(jìn)了一種最大風(fēng)能捕獲控制方法,提高風(fēng)能利用；另一方面,給出了一種能量協(xié)調(diào)控制策略,實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)能量供需平衡,從而減少了輸出電壓波動(dòng)。 第一,在分析離網(wǎng)風(fēng)力發(fā)電數(shù)學(xué)模型基礎(chǔ)上,推導(dǎo)出一種不測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)速的控制結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合模糊控制對(duì)非線性系統(tǒng)的良好適應(yīng)能力以及PI控制的穩(wěn)定、快速優(yōu)點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了一種模糊、PI實(shí)現(xiàn)的爬山搜索算法。該算法利用模糊邏輯來確定參考搜索步長(zhǎng),再由PI調(diào)節(jié)電壓閉環(huán),跟蹤參考搜索步長(zhǎng),實(shí)現(xiàn)快速、有效的最大風(fēng)能捕獲控制。利用Lyapnov理論,分析了該方法的穩(wěn)定性。在Simulink平臺(tái)上,對(duì)比分析了經(jīng)典爬山算法和改進(jìn)方法。結(jié)果表明,改進(jìn)算法搜索效率提高了約30%。 第二,設(shè)計(jì)了一種能量協(xié)調(diào)控制方法,該方法統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)、儲(chǔ)能、卸荷以及負(fù)載,實(shí)現(xiàn)了能量供需平衡,穩(wěn)定了輸出電壓。通過分析造成輸出電壓波動(dòng)的原因,得出穩(wěn)定直流母線電壓,即可實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)能量平衡。風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)依據(jù)負(fù)載需求、儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)狀態(tài),在最大功率追蹤、恒定功率以及遇限切除三種模式間切換。設(shè)計(jì)了由超級(jí)電容、蓄電池構(gòu)成的儲(chǔ)能形式。由蓄電池來緩沖低頻波動(dòng),超級(jí)電容緩沖高頻波動(dòng)。采用這種方式,不僅提高了能量利用效率,還減少了蓄電池充放電次數(shù),延長(zhǎng)了蓄電池使用壽命。 第三,詳細(xì)闡述了離網(wǎng)風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)過程,包括設(shè)計(jì)思路、原理說明以及參數(shù)選擇。硬件部分主要包括主電路、檢測(cè)電路、市電切入以及LED照明負(fù)載。主電路將波動(dòng)的風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)換為負(fù)載可利用的電能。檢測(cè)電路,將電壓、電流等模擬量轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字量,供DSP計(jì)算使用。在有市電接入或者柴油發(fā)電條件下,當(dāng)風(fēng)電、蓄電池供電不足時(shí),設(shè)計(jì)的市電切入將自動(dòng)接入市電或柴油發(fā)電,確保負(fù)載穩(wěn)定工作。本文以LED照明作為負(fù)載,設(shè)計(jì)了一種高效、低溫升的人體探測(cè)LED驅(qū)動(dòng)電路。 第四,以德州儀器生產(chǎn)的DSP芯片TMS320F2808為控制核心,將本文控制策略數(shù)字化實(shí)現(xiàn)。在軟件編制過程中,應(yīng)用了模塊化設(shè)計(jì)理念。首先將控制功能分區(qū),功能相同的單元作為一個(gè)模塊。其次,按照模塊功能編制相關(guān)軟件。最后,設(shè)計(jì)了一種非搶占式多任務(wù)調(diào)度方式,對(duì)各功能模塊進(jìn)行調(diào)度。 第五,分析了在系統(tǒng)調(diào)試過程中遇到的問題及解決辦法。對(duì)總體軟件、硬件進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,測(cè)量結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:Off-grid wind power generation is flexible in use, small in initial investment, clean and safe, suitable for solving the problem of power consumption in remote areas. In addition, there are abundant wind energy resources in inland areas of China. It is of positive significance to develop off-grid wind power to promote ecological construction and improve energy use structure. At present, there are two urgent problems to be solved for off-grid wind power generation: one is to study the efficient maximum wind energy capture control technology to improve wind power utilization and further reduce the cost of wind power; the other is to reduce the fluctuation of output voltage and improve the power quality of users. In this paper, an independent off-grid wind power generation control system is designed. On the one hand, a maximum wind energy capture control method is improved to improve wind energy utilization; on the other hand, an energy coordinated control strategy is proposed. The balance of energy supply and demand is realized, thus reducing the fluctuation of output voltage. Firstly, on the basis of analyzing the mathematical model of off-grid wind power generation, an unexpected speed control structure is derived. Considering the good adaptability of fuzzy control to nonlinear systems and the stability and speed of Pi control, a mountain climbing search algorithm based on fuzzy Pi is designed. The algorithm uses fuzzy logic to determine the reference search step size, then Pi adjusts the voltage closed-loop and tracks the reference search step size to realize the fast and effective maximum wind energy capture control. The stability of the method is analyzed by using Lyapnov theory. On the Simulink platform, the classical mountain climbing algorithm and the improved method are compared and analyzed. The results show that the search efficiency of the improved algorithm is improved by about 30%. Secondly, a coordinated energy control method is designed, which harmonizes the wind turbine, energy storage, unloading and load, realizes the balance of energy supply and demand, and stabilizes the output voltage. By analyzing the reason of the output voltage fluctuation, the system energy balance can be realized by stabilizing the DC bus voltage. According to the load requirement, the state of the energy storage system, the wind turbine switches between the three modes of maximum power tracking, constant power and limited removal. The energy storage form composed of super capacitor and battery is designed. Batteries buffer low frequency fluctuations, super capacitors buffer high frequency fluctuations. This method not only improves the energy utilization efficiency, but also reduces the battery charge and discharge times and prolongs the battery life. Thirdly, the design process of off-grid wind power system hardware circuit is described in detail, including design idea, principle explanation and parameter selection. The hardware includes main circuit, detection circuit, power cut in and LED lighting load. The main circuit converts fluctuating wind energy into power available to load. The detection circuit converts analog signals such as voltage and current into digital signals for DSP calculation. Under the condition of city electricity access or diesel power generation, when the wind power and battery supply is insufficient, the designed power supply will be automatically connected to the city electricity or diesel power generation to ensure the stable operation of the load. In this paper, the LED illumination is used as the load to design an efficient, low temperature human detection LED driving circuit. Fourthly, the DSP chip TMS320F2808 produced by Texas Instruments is taken as the control core, and the control strategy is realized digitally. In the process of software development, the concept of modular design is applied. First of all, control function partition, the same function of the unit as a module. Secondly, the related software is compiled according to the function of the module. Finally, a non-preemptive multi-task scheduling mode is designed to schedule each functional module. Fifth, the problems encountered in the debugging process and the solutions are analyzed. The overall software and hardware are tested, and the results verify the feasibility of the design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM614;TP273

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