本文選題：染料敏化太陽能電池 + 電解質(zhì)��； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：作為一種典型的第三代光伏器件,染料敏化太陽能電池(Dye-sensitized solar cell, DSC)具有制作工藝簡(jiǎn)單、成本低、環(huán)境友好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是最具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ奶柲茈姵刂�。�?jīng)過世界各國科研工作者二十多年的努力,DSC能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率目前已達(dá)13.0%。但是,DSC還存在穩(wěn)定性差、成本高等問題,制約了其產(chǎn)業(yè)化進(jìn)程。為了解決上述問題,本論文以制作高效、高穩(wěn)定性和低成本的DSC為目標(biāo),圍繞開發(fā)新型高效高穩(wěn)定性電解質(zhì)和設(shè)計(jì)合成低成本對(duì)電極材料及其與器件性能間的構(gòu)效關(guān)系展開系統(tǒng)研究,考察材料形貌和晶型對(duì)DSC光電性能的影響機(jī)制,并詳細(xì)研究了非Pt對(duì)電極催化材料對(duì)電解質(zhì)中不同氧化還原電對(duì)的催化性能。此外,利用海帶這一生物質(zhì)材料制備了DSC各關(guān)鍵組成部分,設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)建了全天然DSC器件。 首先,我們開發(fā)制備了三種新型高效、高穩(wěn)定的電解質(zhì)：(1)通過溶液聚合法合成了高分子交聯(lián)劑-聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc),制備了基于PVAc的擬固態(tài)電解質(zhì)并將其組裝成擬固態(tài)DSC。研究結(jié)果表明,擬固態(tài)DSC可達(dá)到與液態(tài)DSC相當(dāng)?shù)哪芰哭D(zhuǎn)換效率,并具有優(yōu)異的長期穩(wěn)定性。(2)將多種新型雙乙二酸硼酸鹽離子液體(BOB離子液體)作為添加劑引入液態(tài)電解質(zhì)體系中,獲得了8.73%的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率,并系統(tǒng)研究了離子液體結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)電池光電性能的影響機(jī)制。此外,將該類添加劑引入到純離子液體電解質(zhì)體系中,電池效率獲得大幅提高,并展示出優(yōu)異的長期穩(wěn)定性。(3)研究了利用Ⅰ-/12-·作為氧化還原電對(duì)的無碘(單質(zhì))電解質(zhì)體系。通過電化學(xué)方法證實(shí)了其可行性,系統(tǒng)研究了濃度、溶劑、光陽極及隔離層厚度對(duì)電池性能的影響,優(yōu)化后獲得了與傳統(tǒng)電解質(zhì)相近的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率8.82%,并證實(shí)了此種新型無碘電解質(zhì)具有良好的普適性。 其次,通過水熱法合成了三種花狀多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)鐵基氧化物α-Fe2O3、γ-Fe2O3和Fe3O4,將其用于DSC對(duì)電極,系統(tǒng)研究了形貌和晶型對(duì)DSC光電性能的影響機(jī)制。研究結(jié)果表明,三種氧化物中Fe304具有最佳的催化性能,優(yōu)化后電池器件獲得7.80%的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率,與濺射Pt組裝的電池器件效率相當(dāng)。利用生物質(zhì)材料--松脂合成了C/Fe3O4復(fù)合催化材料,并將其應(yīng)用于DSC對(duì)電極,研究結(jié)果表明：復(fù)合催化材料較復(fù)合前具有更佳的導(dǎo)電性和催化活性,組裝的DSC具有更高的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率(8.11%)。 再次,從海洋植物--海帶中提取得到DSC所用的多種必要材料,包括染料、氧化還原電對(duì)和對(duì)電極。利用海帶碳作為對(duì)電極組裝的DSC獲得了7.82%的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率。利用其生物質(zhì)模板的特性,在低溫下制備的海帶碳/Fe304復(fù)合材料組裝的DSC對(duì)比復(fù)合前能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率提高了24.2%。最后,構(gòu)建的全天然DSC器件也獲得了較高的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率。 最后,通過多種電化學(xué)方法,系統(tǒng)研究了對(duì)電極催化材料對(duì)有機(jī)氧化還原電對(duì)(T-/T2, Co2+/Co3+)的催化性能。研究結(jié)果表明,一些非Pt類催化材料,如OMC-WC、WC、 TiC、NbO2等均在上述電對(duì)體系中表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)于Pt的催化性能,使相應(yīng)DSC的效率得到大幅提高。
[Abstract]:As a typical third generation of photovoltaic devices, the dye sensitized solar cell (Dye-sensitized solar cell, DSC) is one of the most potential solar cells with the advantages of simple manufacturing process, low cost and friendly environment. After more than 20 years' efforts by scientific researchers all over the world, the efficiency of DSC energy conversion has reached 13.0%.. However, DSC still exists the problem of poor stability and high cost, which restricts the process of industrialization. In order to solve the above problems, this paper aims at making high efficiency, high stability and low cost DSC as the goal. The development of a new high efficient and high stability electrolyte and the design and synthesis of low cost electrode materials and their performance relationship with the device performance are carried out in this paper. The influence mechanism of material morphology and crystal type on DSC photoelectric properties was investigated systematically, and the catalytic performance of non Pt electrode catalysts for different redox electric pairs in electrolytes was studied in detail. In addition, the key components of DSC were prepared by the material materials of kelp, and all natural DSC devices were designed and constructed.
First, we have developed three new highly efficient and highly stable electrolytes: (1) the polymer crosslinker polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was synthesized by solution polymerization. A quasi solid state electrolyte based on PVAc was prepared and assembled into a pseudo solid DSC.. The results showed that the quasi solid DSC could achieve the equivalent energy conversion efficiency with the liquid DSC. It has excellent long-term stability. (2) a variety of new diethylene diacid borate ionic liquids (BOB ionic liquids) are introduced into liquid electrolyte as additives, and 8.73% energy conversion efficiency is obtained. The influence mechanism of ionic liquid structure on the photoelectric properties of batteries is systematically studied. In addition, this kind of additive is introduced to pure separation. In the subliquid electrolyte system, the efficiency of the battery was greatly improved and the long-term stability was demonstrated. (3) the iodized (single) electrolyte system using I -/12- as a redox pair was studied. The feasibility was confirmed by the electrochemical method. The performance of the battery was systematically investigated by the concentration, solvent, photo anode and the thickness of isolation layer. After optimization, the energy conversion efficiency of 8.82% is similar to that of the traditional electrolyte, and it is proved that the new iodine free electrolyte has good universality.
Secondly, three kinds of flower like multistage structure iron based oxides alpha -Fe2O3, gamma -Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The influence mechanism of morphology and crystal shape on the photoelectric properties of DSC was studied systematically. The results showed that Fe304 had the best catalytic properties in the three oxides, and the battery devices obtained 7.80% energy conversion after optimization. The efficiency is equal to the efficiency of the battery device assembled by sputtering Pt. Using the biomass material - rosin grease, the C/Fe3O4 composite catalytic material is synthesized and applied to the DSC pair electrode. The results show that the composite catalytic material has better conductivity and catalytic activity than the composite catalyst, and the assembled DSC has a higher energy conversion efficiency (8.11%).
Again, a variety of necessary materials for DSC are extracted from marine plants and kelp, including dyestuffs, redox electric pairs and pair electrodes. The energy conversion efficiency of the DSC was obtained by using kelp carbon as the electrode assembled by the electrode. Using the properties of its biomass template, the DSC comparison of the carbon /Fe304 Composites assembled at low temperature was prepared at low temperature. The efficiency of compound pre energy conversion is increased by 24.2%.. Finally, the whole natural DSC device is also constructed with high energy conversion efficiency.
Finally, through a variety of electrochemical methods, the catalytic properties of the electrode catalytic materials for the organic oxidation-reduction electric pair (T-/T2, Co2+/Co3+) have been systematically studied. The results show that some non Pt catalytic materials, such as OMC-WC, WC, TiC, NbO2, are all superior to Pt in the above electric pair system, and the efficiency of the corresponding DSC is greatly raised. High.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM914.4

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本文編號(hào)：1802412