本文選題：光伏發(fā)電 + 微逆變器　； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界,能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題越來(lái)越突出。為實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),清潔、可再生能源的開(kāi)發(fā)、利用越來(lái)越受到人類關(guān)注。太陽(yáng)能因其取之不盡、清潔無(wú)污染,被公認(rèn)為是最理想的可再生能源之一。光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器是光伏電池板和電網(wǎng)連接的轉(zhuǎn)換設(shè)備,是光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵,逆變器的性能、效率直接影響著光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的整體效率。 本文研究的光伏微逆變器是將單個(gè)光伏電池板輸出的小功率的直流低電壓轉(zhuǎn)化為高電壓交流并網(wǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)換裝置。并實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)單個(gè)光伏電池板最大功率跟蹤,避免了大規(guī)模光伏陣列因?yàn)榫植繐p壞或是被遮蔽時(shí)對(duì)整體效率的影響,有效提高了光伏系統(tǒng)整體的安全性、可靠性、高效性。 本文首先總結(jié)了微逆變器常用的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)及其各自優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),分析了微逆變器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及其設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn),得出微逆變器設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一在于DC/DC升壓電路的選取。另外,降低電容容值,提高微逆變器的壽命是微逆變器設(shè)計(jì)中另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。其次,分析了本文所采用的nX型DC/DC變換器的研究基礎(chǔ),隨后對(duì)nX型DC/DC升壓變換器的工作原理進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析,并完成了基于MATLABTM/SIMULINK軟件平臺(tái)的仿真驗(yàn)證和基于DSP開(kāi)發(fā)板的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證；根據(jù)光伏電池的輸出特性方程,搭建了仿真模型,并驗(yàn)證了光伏電池板的I-V、P.V輸出特性；在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了MPPT控制算法、單相并網(wǎng)控制策略和孤島檢測(cè)等,其中最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤采用的是不等步長(zhǎng)的擾動(dòng)觀測(cè)控制法,能準(zhǔn)確迅速的追蹤光伏電池板最大功率點(diǎn)并提高系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性；并網(wǎng)電流控制采用準(zhǔn)比例諧振控制方法,能有效消除并網(wǎng)過(guò)程中電網(wǎng)電壓擾動(dòng)所帶來(lái)的干擾,簡(jiǎn)化控制算法,優(yōu)化并網(wǎng)電流輸出波形；孤島檢測(cè)采用被動(dòng)式的欠／過(guò)壓策略。根據(jù)控制策略以及系統(tǒng)的工作原理,推導(dǎo)了nX型DC/DC變換器和濾波電路的器件參數(shù)的選取依據(jù)；利用MATLABTM/SIMULINK軟件平臺(tái)對(duì)本文中的nX型微逆變器拓?fù)溥\(yùn)行特性進(jìn)行了大量仿真,驗(yàn)證了拓?fù)湓O(shè)計(jì)的合理性和控制方法的有效性。最后,完成了在CCS3.3環(huán)境中的軟件設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, energy crisis and environmental pollution are more and more prominent in the world. In order to achieve the strategic goal of sustainable development, clean, renewable energy development, the use of more and more attention. Solar energy is recognized as one of the most ideal renewable energy because of its inexhaustible, clean and pollution-free. Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is the conversion equipment connected with PV panels and grid, and is the key of photovoltaic power generation system. The performance and efficiency of the inverter directly affect the overall efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system. The photovoltaic micro-inverter studied in this paper is a conversion device which converts the low-power DC voltage from a single photovoltaic panel to a high-voltage AC grid-connected device. The maximum power tracking of a single photovoltaic panel is realized to avoid the impact of large-scale photovoltaic arrays on the overall efficiency due to local damage or obscuration, and the overall security, reliability and efficiency of the photovoltaic system are effectively improved. In this paper, the common topology of microinverters and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of microinverters are analyzed. The selection of DC/DC boost circuit is one of the key techniques in the design of microinverters. In addition, reducing capacitance and improving the life of micro inverter is another key technology in the design of micro inverter. Secondly, the research foundation of nX type DC/DC converter used in this paper is analyzed, then the working principle of nX type DC/DC boost converter is analyzed in detail, and the simulation verification based on MATLABTM/SIMULINK software platform and the experiment verification based on DSP development board are completed. According to the output characteristic equation of photovoltaic cell, the simulation model is built, and the output characteristic of I-VPV is verified. On this basis, the MPPT control algorithm, single-phase grid-connected control strategy and islanding detection are designed. The maximum power point tracking is based on the disturbance observation control method with unequal step size, which can accurately and rapidly track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel and improve the stability of the system, while the grid-connected current control adopts the quasi-proportional resonance control method. It can effectively eliminate the disturbance caused by the voltage disturbance, simplify the control algorithm, optimize the output waveform of grid-connected current, and use passive under-/ over-voltage strategy in islanding detection. According to the control strategy and the working principle of the system, the selection basis of the device parameters of the nX-type DC/DC converter and filter circuit is deduced, and the topology operation characteristics of the nX-type micro-inverter in this paper are simulated by using the MATLABTM/SIMULINK software platform. The rationality of the topology design and the effectiveness of the control method are verified. Finally, the software design in CCS3.3 environment is completed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM464

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