本文選題：風(fēng)力機(jī) + 葉片　； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)放置在低溫地區(qū)的時候,其葉片的表面會被冰、霜所附著,這種現(xiàn)象對風(fēng)力機(jī)的的實際應(yīng)用率有較大的影響,有時還會造成整機(jī)癱瘓,嚴(yán)重的也會引發(fā)事故。因此,研究風(fēng)力機(jī)其葉片表面附冰對風(fēng)力機(jī)自身性能的影響就具備比較重要的意義。本研究利用風(fēng)洞結(jié)冰實驗的方法,對在不同條件下的風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片表面結(jié)冰現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了研究。 為探究風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片表面的結(jié)冰的規(guī)律,選用NACA0018、NACA7715、NACA5520三種,選取了兩種風(fēng)速,分別為U=3m/s和U=6m/s。應(yīng)用高速攝影裝置進(jìn)行實驗段錄制,并且通過計算機(jī)進(jìn)行信息采集和處理。試驗中風(fēng)洞口處豎直方向上,均勻排列了四個噴水噴頭,液滴粒徑具備可控性,冬季進(jìn)行實驗時,室外的低溫空氣由風(fēng)洞尾部吸入,并從風(fēng)洞口伴隨液滴一同吹出,使低溫液滴與試驗用葉片表面撞擊,并產(chǎn)生結(jié)冰,測試了不同風(fēng)速、迎風(fēng)攻角等條件下,葉片表面結(jié)冰的分布情況,某一時間段內(nèi)葉片表面結(jié)冰速率的情況。分析了風(fēng)速、溫度等環(huán)境因素,翼型、攻角、葉表溫度等自身因素對葉片表面結(jié)冰分布、生長速率的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下： 1)葉片表面結(jié)冰情況受風(fēng)速的影響 在這兩種風(fēng)速下,對NACA0018、NACA5520、NACA7715三種翼型進(jìn)行風(fēng)洞結(jié)冰實驗,針對這兩種風(fēng)速對葉片表面結(jié)冰分布、葉片前緣迎風(fēng)處結(jié)冰速率、葉片表面結(jié)冰側(cè)面截面積進(jìn)行了測量與分析,3m/s和6m/s風(fēng)速下葉片前沿迎風(fēng)點處結(jié)冰速率3m/s大于6m/s;風(fēng)速高低對葉片表面結(jié)冰的分布是存在影響的。 2)葉片表面結(jié)冰受迎風(fēng)攻角的影響 葉片表面的結(jié)冰現(xiàn)象,從其迎風(fēng)點處開始出現(xiàn)冰層,隨時間推移,冰層逐漸變厚。結(jié)冰分布情況受葉片迎風(fēng)攻角不同的影響下也各有不同。本實驗共選取了7種角度,分別為α=0。、α=10°、α=100、α=200、α=-200、α=30°、a=-300。在這7種角度下,對NACA0018、NACA5520、NACA7715三種翼型進(jìn)行風(fēng)洞結(jié)冰實驗,同樣對這7種角度下,葉片表面結(jié)冰分布、葉片前緣迎風(fēng)處結(jié)冰速率、葉片表面結(jié)冰側(cè)面截面積進(jìn)行了測量與分析,攻角在-30°～30°之間變化時,無論正負(fù)角度,以0°為基準(zhǔn),攻角角度偏轉(zhuǎn)小,則葉片表面結(jié)冰總面積偏小；攻角角度偏轉(zhuǎn)大,則葉片表面結(jié)冰總面積偏大。 此外,還利用風(fēng)洞實驗對風(fēng)力機(jī)的導(dǎo)流罩結(jié)冰現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了測試和分析。實驗水滴流量分2種：0.5L/min和1L/min,風(fēng)速為9種,從4m/s-12m/s,間隔lm/s。實驗獲得了在不同條件下的導(dǎo)流罩結(jié)冰分布,在相同水滴流量情況下,隨著風(fēng)速的增加,導(dǎo)流罩的結(jié)冰率呈增大的趨勢；在同一風(fēng)速條件下,大水滴流量下的導(dǎo)流罩的結(jié)冰率要比小水滴流量的大,而且這種趨勢在低風(fēng)速時較為明顯。 此研究對風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片表面附冰后的除冰研究打下基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:When the wind turbine is placed in the low temperature area, the surface of the blade will be attached by ice and frost. This phenomenon has great influence on the actual application rate of the wind turbine, sometimes it will cause the whole machine to be paralyzed, and the serious will also cause the accident. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the influence of icing on the blade surface of wind turbine. In this paper, the ice phenomenon on the blade surface of wind turbine under different conditions is studied by using the method of wind tunnel icing experiment. In order to study the rule of ice formation on the blade surface of wind turbine, three kinds of NACA0018, NACA7715 and NACA5520 were selected, and two kinds of wind speed, U=3m/s and UH6 m / s, were selected. The experiment section is recorded by high-speed photography device, and the information is collected and processed by computer. In the vertical direction at the entrance of the test stroke, four sprinklers were arranged evenly, and the droplet size was controllable. When the experiment was carried out in winter, the outdoor low temperature air was inhaled from the tail of the wind tunnel and blown out with the droplets from the wind hole. The cryogenic droplets were impinged on the blade surface and ice was produced. The ice distribution on the blade surface was measured under different wind speed and attack angle, and the ice formation rate of the blade surface in a certain period of time was measured. The effects of environmental factors such as wind speed, temperature, airfoil, attack angle and leaf surface temperature on the ice distribution and growth rate of blade surface were analyzed. The main findings are as follows: 1) the ice formation on the blade surface is affected by the wind speed. Under these two kinds of wind speed, the wind tunnel icing experiments were carried out on three airfoils of NACA0018, NACA5520 and NACA7715. According to the ice formation distribution on the surface of the blade and the ice formation rate at the front edge of the blade, the two wind speeds were used to test the ice formation in the wind tunnel of NACA0018 / NACA5520 / NACA7715. The ice formation rate (3m/s) at the upwind point of the blade front is greater than 6 m / s under the wind speed of 3 m / s and 6m/s, and the wind speed has an effect on the distribution of the ice formation on the blade surface. 2) Ice-forming on the blade surface is affected by the attack angle of upwind. The ice on the blade surface began to appear at its upwind point, and the ice became thicker over time. The ice distribution is influenced by the attack angle of the blade. In this experiment, 7 kinds of angles were selected, which were 偽 0., 10 擄, 100, 200, 200, 30 擄, respectively. Under these seven angles, the wind tunnel icing experiments of NACA0018 / NACA5520 / NACA7715 were carried out. The ice distribution on the blade surface, the ice formation rate at the front edge of the blade and the cross section area of the icing side of the blade surface were also measured and analyzed under these seven angles. When the angle of attack varies from -30 擄to 30 擄, no matter if the angle of attack is positive or negative, if the angle of attack is small, the total area of icing on the blade surface is smaller, and the total area of icing on the surface of the blade is larger if the angle of attack is large. In addition, the wind tunnel experiment is used to test and analyze the ice phenomenon of the wind turbine. The experimental water droplet flow is divided into two types: 0.5 L / min and 1 L / min, and the wind speed is 9, from 4 m / s to 12 m / s, at intervals of 1 m / s. The ice distribution of the cover under different conditions is obtained. Under the same water droplet flow rate, the ice formation rate of the cover increases with the increase of wind speed, and under the same wind speed, the ice forming rate of the cover increases with the increase of the velocity of water droplet. The ice formation rate of the shield under large droplet flow is higher than that of small drop flow, and this trend is more obvious at low wind speed. This study lays a foundation for the deicing research after icing on the blade surface of wind turbine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315;TB89

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