本文選題：太陽(yáng)能 + 光伏轉(zhuǎn)換��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：太陽(yáng)能是一種清潔的可再生能源,目前太陽(yáng)能的利用方式主要為光熱和光伏兩種。太陽(yáng)能光伏光熱集熱系統(tǒng)則是一種集光伏發(fā)電和光熱轉(zhuǎn)換于一體的新型綜合系統(tǒng),將太陽(yáng)能光伏組件作為集熱器,一部分太陽(yáng)能經(jīng)光伏組件轉(zhuǎn)換成電能,另一部分轉(zhuǎn)換為熱量被管道中流通的工質(zhì)回收,從而同時(shí)產(chǎn)出電能和熱能。本文第一章主要介紹了在全球能源危機(jī)背景下可持續(xù)能源發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,并就太陽(yáng)能技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的一種綜合PV/T系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史及研究進(jìn)展做了簡(jiǎn)要綜述。第二章和第三章分別針對(duì)采用不同工質(zhì)的PV/T系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)仿真分析,第四章則對(duì)比分析了一系列具有不同結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的PV/T空氣集熱系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性。最后就后續(xù)工作開(kāi)展給出簡(jiǎn)要建議。1.采用水為工質(zhì)的PV/T系統(tǒng)研究了一種采用水為工質(zhì)的PV/T系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性。采用能量平衡方程建立了PV/T系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性模型,分析了出口水溫、太陽(yáng)能電池溫度、光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率、光伏電功率、熱輸出功率的變化規(guī)律,得到了給定天氣條件下各性能參數(shù)隨時(shí)間變化的曲線。同時(shí),進(jìn)一步分析了光伏組件串聯(lián)數(shù)目、入口水溫和水質(zhì)量流率等結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)對(duì)PV/T系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明：在給定工作條件下,隨太陽(yáng)輻射增強(qiáng),光伏組件工作溫度逐漸升高,導(dǎo)致光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率下降,但總體光伏電功率和熱輸出功率依然增大；在其他工作條件不變的情況下,隨光伏組件串聯(lián)數(shù)目增加,光伏組件工作溫度逐漸升高,導(dǎo)致光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率下降,但總體光伏電功率和熱輸出功率依然增大；在其他工作條件不變的情況下,隨工質(zhì)入口溫度升高,光伏組件工作溫度逐漸升高,導(dǎo)致光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率逐漸下降,整體光伏電功率和熱輸出功率逐漸減��；在其他工作條件不變的情況下,隨工質(zhì)質(zhì)量流率增大,光伏組件工作溫度逐漸降低,導(dǎo)致光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率上升,整體光伏電功率和熱輸出功率逐漸增大；此外,相較光伏組件串聯(lián)數(shù)目,工質(zhì)入口溫度或質(zhì)量流率的改變對(duì)系統(tǒng)光伏電功率和熱輸出功率的影響要小得多。2.采用制冷劑R410A為工質(zhì)的PV/T系統(tǒng)研究了一種采用制冷劑R410A為工質(zhì)的PV/T系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性。采用能量平衡方程建立了PV/T系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)性能模型,研究了太陽(yáng)能電池溫度、光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率、背板溫度、光伏電功率、熱輸出功率等性能參數(shù)的變化,得到給定天氣條件下各性能參數(shù)隨時(shí)間變化的曲線。同時(shí),進(jìn)一步分析了制冷劑蒸發(fā)溫度對(duì)PV/T系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明：在給定蒸發(fā)溫度下,隨太陽(yáng)輻射增強(qiáng),光伏組件工作溫度逐漸升高,導(dǎo)致光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率逐漸下降,但整體光伏電功率和熱輸出功率依然增大；在其他工作條件不變的情況下,隨制冷劑蒸發(fā)溫度升高,光伏組件工作溫度隨之升高,導(dǎo)致光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率下降,同時(shí)整體光伏電功率和熱輸出功率減��；此外,光伏組件工作溫度僅略高于蒸發(fā)溫度,因而選擇較低的蒸發(fā)溫度能夠有效降低光伏組件工作溫度。同時(shí),給定蒸發(fā)溫度下,光伏組件工作溫度或光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率隨太陽(yáng)輻射改變的幅度并不大,具有較穩(wěn)定的光伏性能。3.采用空氣為工質(zhì)的PV/T系統(tǒng)研究了一系列具有不同管道結(jié)構(gòu)的采用空氣為工質(zhì)的PV/T系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性。采用能量平衡方程建立了PV/T系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)性能模型,分析了太陽(yáng)能電池溫度、光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率、光伏電功率、電效率、熱輸出功率和熱效率等參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律,得到給定天氣條件下各性能參數(shù)隨時(shí)間變化的曲線。同時(shí),對(duì)比無(wú)管道的傳統(tǒng)光伏組件,分析了不同管道結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)PV/T系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明：對(duì)于一定結(jié)構(gòu)的系統(tǒng),給定工作條件下,隨太陽(yáng)輻射增強(qiáng),光伏組件工作溫度逐漸升高,導(dǎo)致光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率和整體電效率下降,但光伏電功率和熱輸出功率增大,而整體熱效率變化幅度不大；對(duì)于不同結(jié)構(gòu)的系統(tǒng),在光伏性能方面,工質(zhì)流過(guò)光伏組件下方時(shí)散熱效果增強(qiáng),光伏組件工作溫度降低,光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率上升,同時(shí)光伏電功率增大。工質(zhì)流過(guò)光伏組件上方時(shí)散熱效果減弱,光伏組件工作溫度升高,光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率下降,同時(shí)光伏電功率減小。工質(zhì)同時(shí)流過(guò)光伏組件上下方,若為單程流,即上下通道連續(xù)時(shí),光伏組件工作溫度下降,光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率上升,但光伏電功率反而減��；若為雙程流,即上下通道獨(dú)立,光伏組件工作溫度上升,光伏轉(zhuǎn)換效率下降,同時(shí)光伏電功率減�。粚�(duì)于不同結(jié)構(gòu)的系統(tǒng),在熱性能方面,工質(zhì)流過(guò)光伏組件上方時(shí)的熱輸出功率大于工質(zhì)流過(guò)光伏組件下方時(shí)的熱輸出功率；改變PV/T系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)光伏性能和熱性能的影響不同,通常提升光伏性能需要以降低熱性能為代價(jià),反之亦然；此外,經(jīng)驗(yàn)證在PV/T系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性仿真計(jì)算中忽略輻射傳熱過(guò)程的假設(shè)是合理可行的。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is a kind of clean and renewable energy, the use of solar energy for thermal and photovoltaic two. Solar collector system is a new integrated system of photovoltaic and photothermal conversion in one of the solar PV modules as part of a solar collector, converted into electricity through photovoltaic modules and another part is converted to refrigerant heat recovery by pipeline flow, which also produce electricity and heat. The first chapter of this paper mainly introduces the background of the global energy crisis under the sustainable energy development, and the development history and research progress of solar energy is a comprehensive PV/T system technology applications are briefly reviewed the second chapter and the third chapter respectively. According to the PV/T system using different working fluid dynamic simulation analysis is carried out, the fourth chapter comparative analysis with a series of different structure design of PV/ T The dynamic characteristics of the air heat collecting system. Finally the dynamic characteristics of a PV/T system using water as refrigerant for PV/T refrigerant water by subsequent work are briefly proposed.1.. Established a dynamic model of PV/T system with the energy balance equation of the outlet water temperature, solar photovoltaic conversion temperature. The efficiency of photovoltaic power, variation of the heat output power curve is obtained, the performance parameters of the given weather conditions change with time. At the same time, further analysis of the PV module series number, effects of entrance water temperature and mass flow rate of design parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the PV/T system. The results show that: in the given conditions next, with the enhancement of solar radiation, temperature of photovoltaic components increased gradually, resulting in photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreases, but the overall photovoltaic power and thermal power output is still increasing; in The same other conditions, with the increase in the number of tandem photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic module temperature gradually increased, resulting in photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreases, but the overall photovoltaic power and thermal power output is still increasing; in the same working conditions, with the refrigerant entrance temperature, working temperature of photovoltaic components increased gradually, resulting in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreased gradually, the whole photovoltaic power and heat output power decreases gradually; in the same working condition, with the increase of mass flow rate, temperature of photovoltaic components decreased gradually, resulting in photovoltaic conversion efficiency increases, the overall photovoltaic power and thermal power output increases gradually; in addition, compared with the number of PV modules in series and the influence of fluid entrance temperature or mass flow rate change on the system of photovoltaic power and thermal power output of the.2. is much smaller with refrigerant R410A Study on the dynamic characteristics of a PV/T system using refrigerant R410A refrigerant as working fluid. The PV/T established the PV/T system dynamic performance model based on energy balance equation, the temperature of the solar cell, photovoltaic conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power, backplane temperature changes, thermal power output and other performance parameters, get the curve the performance parameters of the given weather conditions change with time. At the same time, further analysis of the influence of evaporation temperature of refrigerant on the dynamic characteristics of the PV/T system. The results show that: in the given evaporating temperature, with solar radiation enhancement, working temperature of photovoltaic components increased gradually, resulting in photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreased gradually, but the overall photovoltaic power and heat output power is still increasing; in the same working conditions, with the evaporation temperature of refrigerant increases, working temperature of photovoltaic components increased, resulting in a photovoltaic conversion At the same time, the overall efficiency decreased, photovoltaic power and heat output power decreases; in addition, the temperature of PV module is only slightly higher than the evaporation temperature, so the choice of evaporation low temperature can effectively reduce the temperature of PV module. At the same time, given the evaporating temperature, working temperature of photovoltaic module or photovoltaic conversion efficiency with the change of solar radiation and amplitude not having studied a series of different pipeline structure by using air as PV/T working fluid dynamic characteristics of the PV/T system for refrigerant air by the photovoltaic performance of.3. was stable. Using the energy balance equation is established based on PV/T system dynamic performance analysis model, the temperature of the solar battery, solar photovoltaic power conversion efficiency. Power, efficiency, variation of the heat output power and thermal efficiency parameters, obtained the curve of the performance parameters of the given weather conditions change with time. At the same time, comparison The traditional photovoltaic module pipeline, analyzes the influence of different pipeline structure on the dynamic characteristic of PV/T system. The research results show that: for a given system structure, working conditions, with the enhancement of solar radiation, temperature of photovoltaic components increased gradually, resulting in photovoltaic conversion efficiency and overall power efficiency decreased, but photovoltaic power and thermal power output the overall thermal efficiency increases, but little change; for different structural systems, in the photovoltaic performance, enhance the cooling effect below the refrigerant flowing through the photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic modules to reduce the working temperature, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency increased, while photovoltaic power increases. The cooling effect of reduced refrigerant flowing through the photovoltaic module above, photovoltaic working temperature the component increased, photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreased, while photovoltaic power decreases. At the same time through the medium below the PV module, if one-way flow, the upper and lower channel. Continued, the working temperature of photovoltaic components decreased, photovoltaic conversion efficiency increased, but the photovoltaic power will decrease; if the two-way flow between the upper and lower channel, independent photovoltaic module working temperature rise, photovoltaic conversion efficiency decreases, while photovoltaic power decreases; for different structural systems, in terms of thermal properties, thermal output of heat the output power of refrigerant flowing through the photovoltaic component above than below the refrigerant flowing through the photovoltaic component; effect of PV/T system structure design of photovoltaic and thermal performance of different, usually improve the photovoltaic performance of the need to reduce the cost of thermal performance, and vice versa; in addition, verified in the simulation of dynamic characteristics of PV/T system in negligible radiation the heat transfer process of the assumption is reasonable and feasible.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM615

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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1 尹寶泉;王一平;朱麗;崔勇;;基于光伏輻射板的多功能建筑能源系統(tǒng)性能分析[J];四川建筑科學(xué)研究;2014年01期

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2 吳e，

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