本文選題：緊急狀態(tài) + 頻率穩(wěn)定　； 參考：《華北電力大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：當前互聯(lián)電網(wǎng)網(wǎng)架結構日趨復雜,使系統(tǒng)隱性故障和連鎖故障發(fā)生的概率不斷增多,解列事故頻發(fā)；特別對于受端電網(wǎng),解列事故會導致系統(tǒng)失去重要輸電通道或聯(lián)絡線,出現(xiàn)大容量功率缺額,如果系統(tǒng)緊急控制措施有限,就很可能發(fā)生系統(tǒng)失穩(wěn)。頻率崩潰是造成系統(tǒng)大范圍停電的重要原因之一,近些年發(fā)生的多起電網(wǎng)崩潰都有頻率失穩(wěn)的因素。 本文結合國家自然科學基金(50837002)課題“集中決策與分布實現(xiàn)相協(xié)調的大電網(wǎng)后備保護系統(tǒng)研究”,深入系統(tǒng)地開展了“電力系統(tǒng)緊急狀態(tài)下切負荷控制策略研究”的論文工作,主要創(chuàng)新性成果如下： 分析系統(tǒng)運行狀態(tài)的分類及對應采取的安全控制措施的基礎上,深入研究了系統(tǒng)緊急狀態(tài)的特征；以構建的單機帶負荷系統(tǒng)為研究對象,建立了包括系統(tǒng)頻率、電壓和功角狀態(tài)變量的代數(shù)微分方程組；借助Matlab編程求解系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運行和緊急狀態(tài)下的狀態(tài)方程,仿真系統(tǒng)分別受到有功、無功功率擾動時,系統(tǒng)運行狀態(tài)的變化情況。提出了預防控制與緊急控制作用相結合的系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定控制框架；電力系統(tǒng)受到大的有功擾動,預測和判斷系統(tǒng)是否將進入緊急狀態(tài)具有關鍵作用,進而及時地采取切負荷等有效控制措施,阻止系統(tǒng)中有功、無功功率平衡的破壞和維護系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定。 基于發(fā)電機有功功率擾動和頻率變化之間的轉子運動平衡方程,分析建立了單機系統(tǒng)的負荷頻率控制原理框圖,進而擴展到多機及多分區(qū)系統(tǒng)的頻率響應建模研究；構建了考慮調速器、自動發(fā)電控制和聯(lián)絡線功率偏差控制的系統(tǒng)頻率響應動態(tài)模型圖,推導了系統(tǒng)受擾后頻率軌跡變化的方程,用于研究系統(tǒng)的頻率穩(wěn)定變化。研究表明,擾動初期的頻率變化率只與系統(tǒng)初始的不平衡功率有關,功率缺額越大,頻率下降速度越快；系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)頻率偏差受到功率缺額和頻率調節(jié)效應的共同影響；頻率的動態(tài)過程不僅和有功缺額的大小有關,與擾動位置,電網(wǎng)結構都是密切相關的。 建立了具有緊急控制作用模塊的系統(tǒng)頻率響應動態(tài)模型,包括系統(tǒng)參數(shù),頻率保護的門檻值,系統(tǒng)的受擾功率,緊急控制措施和互聯(lián)線路的潮流變化對頻率穩(wěn)定的影響。利用建立的地區(qū)系統(tǒng)頻率響應動態(tài)模型,從中長期的角度預測系統(tǒng)受擾后頻率的軌跡變化和頻率穩(wěn)定控制的可行性。提出了一個新自適應UFLS控制策略,所建立的系統(tǒng)頻率響應動態(tài)模型應用于系統(tǒng)緊急控制和保護策略的制定；新策略考慮和低頻調速及系統(tǒng)備用容量的快速釋放相協(xié)調,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)擾動自適應地確定減負荷的數(shù)量和動作級數(shù),避免了負荷的過切或欠切；在考慮切負荷地點時,采取就地平衡擾動功率的原則,避免潮流轉移引起級聯(lián)事故的發(fā)生。 在研究影響系統(tǒng)頻率和頻率變化率測量的因素基礎上,推導了系統(tǒng)受擾后的有功功率缺額與頻率變化率之間的準確函數(shù)關系式。進一步,在電壓靈敏度分析的基礎上,提出了利用電壓靈敏度確定切負荷地點與相應切負荷量的自適應切負荷控制策略,目的在于考慮切負荷過程中,有效恢復系統(tǒng)有功平衡的同時,最大限度的實現(xiàn)無功的就地平衡；在系統(tǒng)的脆弱點,即電壓和頻率下降更多或無功需求更大的地點切負荷,可以提高系統(tǒng)的電壓穩(wěn)定邊緣,降低了系統(tǒng)崩潰的風險。提出的切負荷策略有更強的自適應性,是切負荷量,切負荷地點和動作時間的函數(shù)關系,能夠考慮系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡拓撲的變化,更有利于系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性的恢復,有應用的優(yōu)勢和價值。
[Abstract]:The network frame structure of the current interconnected power grid is more and more complex , so that the probability of the hidden trouble of the system and the occurrence of the chain fault is increased , and the accident frequency is solved ;
Especially for the power - receiving network , the breakdown accident will cause the system to lose important power transmission channel or contact line , the large - capacity power shortage occurs , and if the system emergency control measures are limited , the system instability can occur . The frequency collapse is one of the important causes of the large - scale power failure of the system .

Combined with the research on the centralized decision - making and distribution of the National Natural Science Foundation ( 50837002 ) , this paper systematically carries out the paper ' s work on the research on the control strategy of power system emergency , and the main innovative results are as follows :

Based on the classification of the running state of the system and the corresponding safety control measures , the characteristics of the emergency state of the system are further studied .
An algebraic differential equation group including system frequency , voltage and work angle state variables is established based on the constructed single - machine band - load system .
In this paper , the state equation of system steady operation and state of emergency is solved by Matlab programming , and the simulation system is affected by active and reactive power disturbance , and the change of system operating state is presented . A system stabilization control framework combining prevention control and emergency control is proposed .
Whether the power system is subjected to large active disturbance , predict and judge whether the system will enter the state of emergency has a key role , so as to take effective control measures such as cutting load in a timely manner , prevent the damage of active and reactive power balance in the system and maintain the stability of the system .

Based on the rotor motion balance equation between active power disturbance and frequency change of generator , the principle block diagram of load frequency control of single - machine system is analyzed , and the frequency response modeling of multi - machine and multi - partition system is extended .
The dynamic model diagram of the system frequency response considering governor , automatic power generation control and contact line power deviation control is constructed . The equation for the change of frequency locus of the system is derived , which is used to study the frequency stability change of the system . The research shows that the frequency change rate at the initial stage of disturbance is only related to the initial unbalanced power of the system , the larger the power shortage , the faster the frequency decreases .
The steady - state frequency deviation of the system is influenced by the power shortage and the frequency regulation effect .
The dynamic process of frequency is not only related to the magnitude of active default , but also closely related to disturbance position and grid structure .

The dynamic model of the frequency response of the system with the emergency control function module is established , including the system parameters , the threshold value of frequency protection , the disturbed power of the system , the emergency control measures and the trend change of the interconnection line on the frequency stability .
The new strategy is coordinated with the fast release of the low frequency speed regulation and the reserve capacity of the system . According to the system disturbance , the quantity of the load shedding and the number of action series are determined adaptively , so that the over - cutting or undercutting of the load is avoided ;
In consideration of the duty station , the principle of balanced disturbance power is adopted to avoid the occurrence of cascade accidents .

Based on the factors affecting system frequency and frequency change rate measurement , the exact function relation between active power shortage and frequency change rate is derived . Based on the analysis of voltage sensitivity , a self - adaptive load shedding control strategy is proposed to determine the load location and corresponding load load using voltage sensitivity .
It can improve the voltage stability margin of the system and reduce the risk of system crash . The proposed load strategy has stronger adaptability , it is a function relation of load load , load location and action time , which can take into account the change of the network topology of the system , which is more beneficial to the recovery of system stability , and has the advantage and value of application .

【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM73

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