本文選題：電站鍋爐燃燒系統(tǒng) + DCS　； 參考：《遼寧科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：電站鍋爐是電站生產(chǎn)中的主要設(shè)備之一，提高鍋爐的控制效率對(duì)整個(gè)企業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、安全生產(chǎn)、環(huán)境保護(hù)等方面起著關(guān)鍵作用。本文以鍋爐燃燒系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象，其本身是一個(gè)多輸入、多輸出，耦合性強(qiáng)，滯后比較大的系統(tǒng)，在對(duì)燃燒系統(tǒng)的主要參數(shù)以及采用常規(guī)控制時(shí)效果不理想進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，提出采用先進(jìn)控制方法對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)做出改進(jìn)，最終達(dá)到改善鍋爐控制的目的。 鍋爐燃燒系統(tǒng)是鍋爐三大系統(tǒng)中重要的一個(gè)，它關(guān)系著蒸汽的品質(zhì)、鍋爐燃燒的經(jīng)濟(jì)性以及運(yùn)行的安全性。在鍋爐常規(guī)PID控制中，往往因?yàn)閮?nèi)部或者外部因素的強(qiáng)烈干擾，使得鍋爐燃燒控制得不到良好的控制效果。因此，隨著現(xiàn)代控制理論的發(fā)展和成熟，人們將一些先進(jìn)的控制理念，例如神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制、模糊控制、專家控制和預(yù)測(cè)控制等，相互結(jié)合或者同常規(guī)PID控制進(jìn)行結(jié)合，組成更為有效的控制方式，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中都得到了良好的控制效果。 集散控制系統(tǒng)（DCS）是當(dāng)今自動(dòng)化高速發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志，隨著電力行業(yè)進(jìn)入大型化、高度自動(dòng)化時(shí)代，DCS的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)成為必然趨勢(shì)，它的運(yùn)用給電力行業(yè)或者其它工業(yè)企業(yè)都帶來(lái)了巨大的利益，不僅滿足了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的需要，同時(shí)滿足了環(huán)境對(duì)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的要求。 本文針對(duì)鍋爐燃燒系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)，，同時(shí)為了方便的對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析進(jìn)而采用更有效的控制方法，故將鍋爐燃燒系統(tǒng)分為相互獨(dú)立的三個(gè)子系統(tǒng)：蒸汽壓力控制系統(tǒng)（燃料量控制系統(tǒng)）、煙氣氧含量控制系統(tǒng)（送風(fēng)控制系統(tǒng)）、爐膛壓力控制系統(tǒng)（引風(fēng)控制系統(tǒng)）。在對(duì)三個(gè)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究分析的基礎(chǔ)上，以及對(duì)PID控制、模糊控制、預(yù)測(cè)控制充分的研究上，將算法同DCS系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合，把燃燒優(yōu)化得到的控制量送到DCS中，由其對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備進(jìn)行控制，達(dá)到鍋爐燃燒優(yōu)化的目的。具體的優(yōu)化方案是：1）充分利用預(yù)測(cè)控制和模糊控制各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)，采用模糊控制與預(yù)測(cè)控制結(jié)合的方法對(duì)鍋爐蒸汽壓力進(jìn)行控制，調(diào)節(jié)蒸汽品質(zhì)；2）采用模糊和PID相結(jié)合的控制方法對(duì)爐膛壓力和煙氣氧含量進(jìn)行控制，提高鍋爐運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和安全性。 最后運(yùn)用MATLAB進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)，結(jié)果表明采用模糊預(yù)測(cè)控制和模糊PID控制有效的減小了系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差，系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間、超調(diào)量等重要參數(shù)指標(biāo)都得到了改善，具有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Boiler is one of the main equipments in power plant, improve the control efficiency of the boiler to the enterprise production safety in the economic benefit, and plays a key role in environmental protection. Based on the boiler combustion system as the research object, which itself is a multi input, multi output, strong coupling, large time delay system the main parameters of the combustion system, and the basis of conventional control effect is not ideal on the analysis, put forward using advanced control methods to make improvements to the control system, to improve the boiler control.
Three boiler boiler combustion system is an important system, it is related with the quality of the steam boiler combustion, economy and safety of operation in the boiler. The conventional PID control, often because of the strong interference of internal and external factors, the boiler combustion control can not get good control effect. Therefore, with the the development of modern control theory and mature people, some advanced control concepts, such as neural network control, fuzzy control, expert control and predictive control, combined with each other or with the conventional PID control combined with the more effective control way, has good control effect in practical application.
Distributed control system (DCS) is an important symbol of the rapid development of automation, along with the development of electric power industry into large-scale, highly automated era, the application of DCS has become an inevitable trend, it is applied to the electric power industry or other industrial enterprises have brought huge benefits, not only to meet the needs of the economy, at the same time to meet the requirements of environment for the industrial production.
According to the characteristics of the boiler combustion system, at the same time in order to facilitate the analysis of the system and the control method is more effective, the boiler combustion system is divided into three subsystems: independent steam pressure control system (fuel control system), control system of oxygen content in flue gas (air control system, furnace pressure control) system (wind control system). The researches on the structure and mechanism of the three systems, as well as the PID control, fuzzy control, predictive control research on full algorithm with DCS system combined with the optimal combustion control amount is sent to the DCS, by the control of site equipment, achieve the boiler combustion optimization. Specific optimization scheme is: 1) predictive control and fuzzy control to make full use of their respective advantages, using fuzzy control and predictive control method based on pressure steam boiler The force is controlled and the steam quality is adjusted. 2) fuzzy control combined with PID is applied to control the furnace pressure and the oxygen content of the flue gas, so as to improve the economy and safety of the boiler operation.
Finally, MATLAB is used to carry out simulation experiments. The results show that fuzzy predictive control and fuzzy PID control effectively reduce the steady-state error of the system, and the important parameters such as system response time and overshoot are improved, which is of practical value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM621.2

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