發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-09 00:30

  本文選題：永磁同步電機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：鐵耗計(jì)算模型　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：新能源汽車的蓬勃發(fā)展促進(jìn)驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的發(fā)展。永磁同步電機(jī)作為新能源汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的核心部件,其損耗大小直接影響電機(jī)的效率和溫升,進(jìn)而影響到汽車的續(xù)航里程和正常工作壽命。鐵耗在該類電機(jī)的損耗中占較大比重,因此準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算永磁同步電機(jī)鐵耗是新能源汽車電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵。電機(jī)鐵耗的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理很復(fù)雜,影響因素較多。各國學(xué)者們根據(jù)理論分析和實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)提出了許多不同的鐵耗算法。本文根據(jù)損耗理論借助于商用電磁場有限元分析軟件Ansoft進(jìn)行鐵耗計(jì)算。首先闡述了鐵磁材料損耗(包括磁滯、渦流以及異常損耗)的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理。在此基礎(chǔ)上介紹了旋轉(zhuǎn)磁密和電機(jī)制造工藝等因素對鐵耗的影響。介紹了Ansoft內(nèi)部的鐵耗計(jì)算方法。比較了三項(xiàng)和兩項(xiàng)鐵耗模型在擬合磁密損耗曲線時(shí)的效果,得到了各項(xiàng)損耗系數(shù)。其次介紹了本文所研究的車用永磁同步電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、電磁參數(shù)以及工作電流的求解方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了電機(jī)定轉(zhuǎn)子鐵耗的來源,通過空間磁動(dòng)勢波形的正弦波分解,推導(dǎo)其高次空間諧波的含量和在轉(zhuǎn)子中感應(yīng)出的高次時(shí)間諧波,為下文分析轉(zhuǎn)子中磁密波動(dòng)來源提供了依據(jù)。給出了有限元法計(jì)算永磁體渦流損耗的要點(diǎn)。本文進(jìn)一步對鐵耗計(jì)算經(jīng)常被忽略的因素進(jìn)行了深入的探索。一方面直接對單一硅鋼片進(jìn)行三維建模,通過計(jì)算硅鋼片內(nèi)部渦流直接求解渦流損耗。另一方面,以濾波后的實(shí)測電流作為激勵(lì),考慮高次諧波電流對電機(jī)鐵耗的影響,得到了對應(yīng)的計(jì)算鐵耗的修正系數(shù)。為了快速求得電機(jī)在各工況下的鐵耗,本文從磁密出發(fā),用兩項(xiàng)鐵耗模型,依據(jù)不同工況下電機(jī)鐵芯不同部分磁密分布的特點(diǎn),簡化了鐵耗計(jì)算方法。提出了一種快速鐵耗計(jì)算方法。該方法與有限元法計(jì)算結(jié)果比較誤差很小。最后,本文分析了定子繞組銅耗和轉(zhuǎn)子機(jī)械損耗,并根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)測試結(jié)果得到了它們的計(jì)算公式,進(jìn)一步獲得電機(jī)運(yùn)行中的各項(xiàng)損耗大小。在各種工況下,采用理論方法求得定子繞組銅耗和轉(zhuǎn)子機(jī)械損耗后,再與理論計(jì)算基波鐵耗相加得到電機(jī)總損耗。該理論計(jì)算值與實(shí)測值比較存在一定誤差。通過考慮高次諧波電流對鐵耗的影響,即對鐵耗計(jì)算值進(jìn)行修正,修正后的理論計(jì)算結(jié)果和實(shí)測值基本吻合。
[Abstract]:The vigorous development of new energy vehicle promotes the development of drive motor.Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the core component of the power system of new energy vehicle. Its loss directly affects the efficiency and temperature rise of the motor, and then affects the vehicle's range and normal working life.Iron consumption accounts for a large proportion of the loss of this kind of motor, so calculating the iron loss of permanent magnet synchronous motor accurately is the key to the design of new energy automobile motor.The mechanism of iron loss of motor is very complex, and there are many influencing factors.According to the theoretical analysis and measured data, many different iron loss algorithms have been proposed by scholars from various countries.Based on the loss theory, the iron loss is calculated by means of the commercial electromagnetic field finite element analysis software Ansoft.Firstly, the mechanism of ferromagnetic material loss (including hysteresis, eddy current and abnormal loss) is introduced.On this basis, the influence of rotating magnetic density and motor manufacturing technology on iron loss is introduced.The calculation method of iron consumption in Ansoft is introduced.The effects of three and two iron loss models in fitting the magnetic density loss curve are compared and the loss coefficients are obtained.Secondly, the structure characteristics, electromagnetic parameters and working current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) studied in this paper are introduced.On this basis, the source of iron loss of stator and rotor of motor is analyzed, and the content of high order spatial harmonic and the high order time harmonic induced in rotor are deduced by the sine wave decomposition of spatial magnetic EMF waveform.It provides the basis for analyzing the source of magnetic density fluctuation in rotor below.The main points of calculating eddy current loss of permanent magnet by finite element method are given.In this paper, the factors which are often neglected in iron consumption calculation are further explored.On the one hand, the single silicon steel sheet is directly modeled, and the eddy current loss is solved directly by calculating the eddy current inside the silicon steel sheet.On the other hand, the effect of high harmonic current on iron loss of motor is considered, and the corresponding correction coefficient of iron loss is obtained by taking the measured current after filtering as excitation.In order to find out the iron loss of the motor under different working conditions, the calculation method of iron loss is simplified by using two iron loss models and according to the characteristics of magnetic density distribution of different parts of the motor core under different working conditions.A fast calculation method for iron consumption is presented.The error of comparison between this method and the finite element method is very small.Finally, the copper loss of stator winding and the mechanical loss of rotor are analyzed, and their formulas are obtained according to the experimental results.Under various working conditions, the total loss of the motor can be obtained by adding the copper loss of the stator winding and the mechanical loss of the rotor to the theoretical calculation of the fundamental iron loss.There is a certain error between the calculated value of the theory and the measured value.By considering the influence of high harmonic current on iron consumption, the calculated iron loss value is modified, and the theoretical results are in good agreement with the measured value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U463.6;TM341

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本文編號：1724067