本文選題：鋼材材質(zhì)　切入點：聲音信號　出處：《河北科技大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：角鋼是鐵塔加工的必備原料,若不同材質(zhì)的鋼材混用,將對鐵塔的強度、韌性、硬度產(chǎn)生很大影響。常用的角鋼材質(zhì)一般為Q235和Q345,在鐵塔加工過程中需要對角鋼進行夾緊、沖孔、剪切等操作,角鋼在沖孔時會發(fā)出一定的聲音,不同材質(zhì)的鋼材發(fā)出的聲音不同,本文提出利用聲音信號在線檢測鋼材材質(zhì)。聲音信號因具有在線實時性好、采集方便等特點,使其在工程上有著非常廣泛的應用。因此,利用聲音信號開發(fā)一套鋼材材質(zhì)的在線檢測系統(tǒng)具有很好的實用價值。本文針對鐵塔加工過程中角鋼在加工時所發(fā)出的聲音信號,開發(fā)了一套鋼材材質(zhì)在線檢測系統(tǒng)。首先,完成了系統(tǒng)的總體設計,包括技術路線的選擇、方案的確定等。然后,對Q235和Q345兩種材質(zhì)角鋼在加工時產(chǎn)生的聲音信號進行分析,找到了兩種識別方法,分別為利用聲音信號能量比識別鋼材材質(zhì)和基于梅爾頻率倒譜參數(shù)(MFCC)的動態(tài)時間規(guī)劃(DTW)識別方法。并且,在角鋼的加工現(xiàn)場采集了一定量聲音信號樣本,驗證了兩種檢測方法的正確性和可靠性。最后,完成了對整個鋼材材質(zhì)在線檢測系統(tǒng)的開發(fā),該系統(tǒng)包括硬件系統(tǒng)和軟件系統(tǒng)兩部分。其中硬件系統(tǒng)的設計包括聲音傳感器、光電開關和數(shù)據(jù)采集卡等關鍵設備的選擇和接口的實現(xiàn);軟件系統(tǒng)的設計是利用LabVIEW軟件開發(fā)平臺和MATLAB軟件完成了各種模塊功能實現(xiàn)的程序編寫。該系統(tǒng)的軟件模塊功能豐富,其中,數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊可以將信號通過所搭建測硬件系統(tǒng)傳輸?shù)接嬎銠C中,數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊可以對聲音信號應用檢測方法進行處理并將信號特征參數(shù)和檢測結(jié)果實時顯示,數(shù)據(jù)存儲模塊可以將采集的數(shù)據(jù)存儲到電子表格,可以進一步進行分析。同時,將系統(tǒng)集成并去加工現(xiàn)場進行了測試。該系統(tǒng)在現(xiàn)場測試結(jié)果表明,其使用方便、功能全面、在線實時性好,為鋼材材質(zhì)的檢測提供了一種有效手段。在加工過程中能夠?qū)γ恳桓卿撨M行在線檢測,同時不會破壞角鋼,解決了傳統(tǒng)檢測方法效率低、檢測周期長,難以適應生產(chǎn)需要的問題,這樣將能有效避免問題角鋼的出現(xiàn),適應鐵塔加工企業(yè)大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的需求。該系統(tǒng)如果能夠推廣,將有助于提高輸電的安全運行水平。
[Abstract]:Angle steel is the necessary raw material for tower processing. If the steel with different materials is mixed, it will have a great influence on the strength, toughness and hardness of the tower.The commonly used angle steel materials are generally Q235 and Q345. During the processing of the iron tower, the angle steel needs to be clamped, punched, shearing and so on.In this paper, the sound signal is used to detect steel material on line.Sound signal is widely used in engineering because of its good real-time on line and convenient collection.Therefore, it has good practical value to develop a steel material online detection system using sound signal.In this paper, an on-line testing system of steel material is developed for the sound signal of angle steel in the process of tower processing.Firstly, the overall design of the system is completed, including the choice of technical route and the determination of the scheme.Then, the sound signals produced by Q235 and Q345 angle steel are analyzed, and two identification methods are found.The method of dynamic time planning (DTW) recognition is based on the sound signal energy ratio and the Mel frequency cepstrum parameter MFCC. respectively.At the same time, a certain amount of sound signal samples are collected in the processing site of angle steel, which verifies the correctness and reliability of the two detection methods.Finally, the development of the whole on-line testing system of steel material is completed. The system includes two parts: hardware system and software system.The design of hardware system includes the selection of key equipment such as sound sensor, optoelectronic switch and data acquisition card, and the realization of interface.The design of software system is to use LabVIEW software development platform and MATLAB software to complete the programming of various module functions.The software module of the system is rich in function, and the data acquisition module can transmit the signal to the computer through the built hardware system.The data processing module can process the sound signal and display the signal characteristic parameters and detection results in real time. The data storage module can store the collected data into the spreadsheet and can be further analyzed.At the same time, the system is integrated and tested.The results of field test show that the system is convenient in use, comprehensive in function and good in real time on line. It provides an effective method for the detection of steel materials.In the process of processing, every angle steel can be tested on line without destroying angle steel, which solves the problems of low efficiency, long detection period and difficult to adapt to the need of production, which can effectively avoid the emergence of problem angle steel.To meet the needs of large-scale production of iron tower processing enterprises.If the system can be popularized, it will help to improve the safe operation level of transmission.
【學位授予單位】：河北科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM75

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本文編號：1723382