本文選題：高頻功率變換　切入點(diǎn)：PWM控制　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在煤礦機(jī)電運(yùn)輸設(shè)備中,牽引電機(jī)車處于很重要的位置,而目前鉛酸蓄電池電機(jī)車在煤礦上的使用最為廣泛,緣于它具有的技術(shù)成熟、使用方便、成本低、性價(jià)比高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。鉛酸蓄電池電機(jī)車的動(dòng)力來(lái)源于鉛酸蓄電池組對(duì)其進(jìn)行供電,鉛酸蓄電池組一般由多節(jié)單體蓄電池串聯(lián)或并聯(lián)組成,串聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)是為了提高蓄電池組的電壓,并聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)是為了增加電池的容量。一般我們使用與蓄電池配套使用的充電裝置來(lái)對(duì)其進(jìn)行充電,所以充電器工作性能直接影響到蓄電池的工作效率、使用性能和工作可靠性等方面,因此,蓄電池充電器裝置的研究近年來(lái)越來(lái)越受到煤礦企業(yè)的廣泛關(guān)注。 對(duì)于目前礦用鉛酸蓄電池充電器來(lái)說(shuō),它存在的問(wèn)題有以下幾點(diǎn)：一是采用模擬控制方式,致使控制不靈活,且充電模式單一化,很難接近蓄電池最佳充電曲線,嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞蓄電池且造成極大的能源浪費(fèi)；二是很難滿足蓄電池的容量要求,使得充電電壓和電池電壓之間壓差太大,嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞電池且使生產(chǎn)成本變高；三是充電器的體積龐大,不便于移動(dòng)和運(yùn)輸。本文就針對(duì)目前煤礦大容量鉛酸蓄電池充電器的技術(shù)水平和缺點(diǎn),對(duì)其進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造與升級(jí)換代,研制出新型智能鉛酸蓄電池充電裝置,單臺(tái)充電器可滿足四種噸位的鉛酸蓄電池的充電,且整體上對(duì)目前礦用充電器進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),使之能更好的適應(yīng)煤礦設(shè)備的需求。充電系統(tǒng)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)模式,便于系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)和性能擴(kuò)展,為充電器設(shè)備的檢修作業(yè)和系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)提供可能。同時(shí)控制系統(tǒng)借助單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)全智能化高效率充電,它能根據(jù)蓄電池的容量及新舊使用情況靈活的設(shè)置充電曲線,這樣就極大地延長(zhǎng)了蓄電池的使用壽命且節(jié)約了能源。本論文所作的工作包括以下幾個(gè)方面： 1.綜合分析鉛酸蓄電池的各種充電方法,最終選擇符合實(shí)際應(yīng)用情況的恒流恒壓兩階段充電模式； 2.綜合新型充電器的設(shè)計(jì)要求及其技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì),進(jìn)行充電器的主電路和控制系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì),包括數(shù)據(jù)采樣電路、保護(hù)電路的設(shè)計(jì)和人機(jī)接口電路等： 3.為了使蓄電池獲得較好的充電曲線以及實(shí)現(xiàn)充電器的快速智能充電,進(jìn)行控制系統(tǒng)軟件流程圖的設(shè)計(jì)； 4.對(duì)充電器進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試,對(duì)充電參數(shù)做了記錄,綜合評(píng)價(jià)充電技術(shù)的效果,為進(jìn)一步研究提出了建議。
[Abstract]:In the mechanical and electrical transport equipment in coal mine, in the very important position of traction motor car, motor car and currently used lead-acid batteries in the coal mine is the most widely used, because it has mature technology, convenient use, low cost, high performance price ratio. The power source of motor vehicles in the lead-acid battery lead-acid batteries to supply power. General lead-acid battery is composed of a plurality of monomer battery connected in series or in parallel, serial structure is in order to improve the voltage of battery, parallel structure in order to increase the capacity of the battery. Generally we use the battery charging device and with a set of use to charge the charger, so the battery working performance directly affects the work efficiency aspects the use of performance and reliability, etc. Therefore, the research of battery charger device in recent years has attracted more and more attention in coal mining enterprises.
For the current mine lead-acid battery charger, its problems are the following: one is the use of analog control mode, the control is not flexible, and the charging mode of single battery, hard to reach optimum charging curve, serious damage to the battery and cause great waste of energy; the two is very difficult to meet the requirements of the capacity of the battery. The charging voltage and the battery voltage difference is too large, serious damage to the battery and the production cost is high; the three is the size of the charger is huge, not easy to move and transport. This article aims at the technical level and the shortcomings of the present coal mine large capacity lead acid battery charger, technological transformation and upgrading of the new intelligent battery charging device, single charging lead-acid battery charger can meet the four tons, and the whole of the mine charger has been improved, so that To better meet the needs of coal mine equipment. The charging system adopts modular design mode, convenient for system testing and performance expansion, may provide for the equipment maintenance and charger system development. At the same time control system with MCU intelligent charging efficiency, it can according to the capacity of old and new batteries use flexible set charging curve this will greatly prolong the service life and saving energy. The work of this thesis includes the following aspects:
1. comprehensive analysis of various charging methods of lead-acid battery, and finally choose the two stage charging mode of constant current and constant pressure, which conforms to the actual application situation.
2., the design requirements and technical advantages of the new charger are introduced. The hardware circuit design of the main circuit and control system of the charger is designed, including data sampling circuit, protection circuit design and human-machine interface circuit.
3. in order to make the battery get a better charging curve and realize the quick and intelligent charging of the charger, the design of the software flow chart of the control system is carried out.
4. the charger is tested in the field, the charging parameters are recorded, the effect of charging technology is evaluated synthetically, and some suggestions are put forward for further research.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TD64;TM912

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本文編號(hào)：1719309