本文選題：光伏　切入點(diǎn)：模塊化　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來,為緩解能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境污染,太陽能、風(fēng)能等清潔可再生能源得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。在光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中,為了提高系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換效率和可靠性,模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)受到越來越多的青睞并成為學(xué)術(shù)界的研究熱點(diǎn)。論文對共直流母線型的模塊化光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了較為深入的研究。針對系統(tǒng)前級的直流模塊,采用內(nèi)置變壓器和內(nèi)置變壓器倍壓單元實(shí)現(xiàn)高增益高效率變換；針對系統(tǒng)后級的逆變模塊并聯(lián),采用線性功率控制改善系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)性能,提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。 首先,本文將變壓器嵌入傳統(tǒng)的交錯并聯(lián)Boost變流器中,形成非隔離型高增益變流器。通過對隔離型變流器中常用的整流結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行重構(gòu),演繹出內(nèi)置變壓器結(jié)構(gòu)作為電壓增益拓展單元,實(shí)現(xiàn)了變流器電壓增益的大幅提升,避免了開關(guān)管工作在極限占空比狀態(tài),同時降低了開關(guān)管的電壓應(yīng)力,可采用低導(dǎo)通電阻、高性能開關(guān)管降低導(dǎo)通損耗。采用有源箝位電路有效的吸收內(nèi)置變壓器漏感的能量,抑制開關(guān)管的關(guān)斷電壓尖峰。主開關(guān)管和箝位開關(guān)管均實(shí)現(xiàn)了零電壓軟開關(guān),減小了開關(guān)損耗,提升了效率。內(nèi)置變壓器的漏感抑制了輸出二極管的反向恢復(fù)電流,減小了反向恢復(fù)損耗,降低了EMI噪聲。變流器的輸入電感以及交錯并聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)有效降低了輸入電流紋波,減小對輸入側(cè)電解電容的沖擊。此外,本文總結(jié)了內(nèi)置變壓器結(jié)構(gòu)的形成規(guī)律和升壓機(jī)理,據(jù)此可演繹出一系列含內(nèi)置變壓器結(jié)構(gòu)的非隔離型高增益變流器,為新型高增益變流器的生成提供了新的方法。 其次,本文將倍壓整流電路與內(nèi)置變壓器結(jié)合,形成內(nèi)置變壓器倍壓單元作為電壓增益拓展單元,實(shí)現(xiàn)變流器電壓增益的進(jìn)一步提升。改進(jìn)后的變流器進(jìn)一步降低了輸出二極管的電壓應(yīng)力,同時電壓增益更高,開關(guān)管的電壓應(yīng)力更低,使該變流器更適合應(yīng)用于高增益變換場合。為了簡化驅(qū)動電路,采用無源箝位方案,提高了變流器的可靠性。開關(guān)管實(shí)現(xiàn)了零電流開通,箝位二極管實(shí)現(xiàn)了自然關(guān)斷,降低了開關(guān)損耗,提高了效率。 再次,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)逆變模塊并聯(lián)運(yùn)行,本文設(shè)計(jì)了50kW光伏并網(wǎng)逆變模塊。模塊采用T型三電平拓?fù)?提高了效率和可靠性。為了設(shè)計(jì)模塊控制系統(tǒng),建立了T型三電平光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器小信號模型,進(jìn)而得到控制系統(tǒng)框圖,設(shè)計(jì)了關(guān)鍵控制參數(shù)。此外,模塊采用無功功率擾動作為主動孤島檢測方案。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,逆變模塊具有良好的穩(wěn)態(tài)性能和動態(tài)性能,并網(wǎng)電流各次諧波均符合國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),主動孤島檢測快速有效。模塊結(jié)構(gòu)采用分層設(shè)計(jì),散熱效率高。整個系統(tǒng)僅有一個并網(wǎng)接口,方便模塊的安裝和更換。 最后,本文設(shè)計(jì)了光伏并網(wǎng)逆變模塊并聯(lián)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)采用層次控制架構(gòu),各個模塊地位均等。模塊控制輸出電流實(shí)現(xiàn)并網(wǎng)發(fā)電,處于控制系統(tǒng)上層的中央控制器控制直流母線電壓。論文采用線性功率控制方案,將直流母線電壓信息引入到模塊電流控制環(huán)的參考中,使逆變模塊由恒功率特性變?yōu)楦鶕?jù)母線電壓變化的線性功率特性。當(dāng)母線電壓變化時,逆變模塊可快速調(diào)整輸出電流,提高了系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)性能,抑制了功率劇烈變化時母線電壓的波動,降低了通訊速率對系統(tǒng)的影響。即使通訊線故障,系統(tǒng)仍可維持運(yùn)行,提高了穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。此外,設(shè)計(jì)了100kW模塊化光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器工程樣機(jī),樣機(jī)性能良好,運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,體現(xiàn)了線性功率控制的工業(yè)應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 論文對共直流母線型的模塊化光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)相關(guān)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究有助于推動光伏發(fā)電的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, in order to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution, solar, wind and other renewable and clean energy. It has been widely applied in photovoltaic power generation system, in order to improve the system efficiency and reliability, the modular structure has attracted more and more attention and become a hot research topic in academic circles. The key technology of common DC bus type the modular photovoltaic power generation system is studied. According to the DC module system level, using the built-in transformer and voltage doubling transformer unit built-in high gain and high efficiency transformation; for the parallel inverter modules level system, the dynamic performance of the linear power control to improve the system, improve the stability and reliability of the system.
First of all, the transformer into the traditional interleaved Boost converter, forming a non isolated high step-up converter. Through the reconstruction of the rectifier structure commonly isolated converter, deduce the built-in transformer structure as the voltage gain expansion unit to achieve a significantly improved converter voltage gain, avoid switch work in the limit the duty ratio, and reduce the voltage stress of the switches, with low resistance, high performance switch tube to reduce the conduction loss. The active clamp circuit can effectively absorb built-in transformer leakage inductance energy suppression switch turn off voltage spike. The main switch and clamp switch tube to realize zero voltage soft switching, the switching loss is reduced, to enhance the efficiency. With the leakage inductance of the transformer suppresses the output diode reverse recovery current, reduce the reverse recovery loss, low noise EMI The sound input inductor converter. And the interleaved structure effectively reduces the input current ripple, reduce the input side of the electrolytic capacitor impact. In addition, this paper summarizes the formation rules and boost mechanism built in transformer structure, which can deduce a series with built-in transformer structure of non isolated high step-up converter, provides a new a new method for the generation of high gain converter.
Secondly, this paper will combine with the built-in voltage doubler rectifier circuit transformer, transformer voltage unit as forming the built-in voltage gain expansion unit, further improve the converter voltage gain of the converter. The improved further reduces the voltage stress of the output diode, and higher voltage gain, lower voltage stress of the switches, the converter more suitable for high gain conversion applications. In order to simplify the drive circuit, the scheme of passive clamp, improves the converter reliability. Switches realize zero current turn-on, clamping diodes achieve natural shutdown, reduces the switching loss and improve efficiency.
Again, in order to realize the parallel operation of inverter module, this paper introduces the design of 50kW photovoltaic grid connected inverter module. The module uses the T type three level topology, improves efficiency and reliability. In order to design the module control system, set up three level photovoltaic grid connected inverter T small signal model, and then get the block diagram of control system is designed. In addition, the key control parameters that module by perturbation as the active islanding detection scheme of reactive power. The experimental results show that the inverter has good steady-state performance and dynamic performance, the grid current harmonics are in line with national standards, active islanding detection is fast and efficient. The module structure of the hierarchical design, high efficiency of heat dissipation. The entire system is only a grid interface, installation and convenient replacement module.
Finally, this paper designed the parallel photovoltaic grid connected inverter module system. The system uses a hierarchical control architecture, equal status. Each module module to control the output current of the realization of the grid, at the central controller to control the DC bus voltage control system. This paper adopts linear upper power control scheme, the introduction of information to the DC bus voltage module current control loop in reference, the inverter module is composed of constant power characteristic into linear power according to the characteristics of bus voltage change. When the bus voltage changes, inverter module can quickly adjust the output current, improve the dynamic performance of the system, the bus voltage fluctuation suppressing power dramatically, reduce the impact on the system. Even if the communication rate of communication line fault, system can still maintain the operation, improve the stability and reliability. In addition, the design of the 100kW modular photovoltaic inverter prototype The performance of the prototype is good and the operation is stable, which embodies the industrial application value of linear power control.
The research on the key technologies related to the common DC bus type modular photovoltaic grid connected power generation system will help to promote the development of photovoltaic power generation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM46;TM615

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本文編號：1717390