本文選題：光伏發(fā)電　切入點：最大功率點跟蹤　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展對能源的依賴越來越大。煤、石油、天然氣等不可再生的傳統(tǒng)能源面臨枯竭,急需新能源技術(shù)的發(fā)展來推動社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。光伏發(fā)電作為新能源領(lǐng)域的杰出代表,有分布廣泛、儲存量大、使用方便等諸多優(yōu)勢,越來越受到人們的青睞。然而,傳統(tǒng)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)效率較低,成本較高,很大程度上制約了其大規(guī)模推廣和應(yīng)用,而最大功率點跟蹤技術(shù)(MPPT)可以有效解決這一問題。經(jīng)過幾十年發(fā)展,光伏MPPT技術(shù)取得了長足進(jìn)步,并在光伏工程領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。本文圍繞光伏發(fā)電最大功率點跟蹤控制技術(shù)進(jìn)行了以下研究。 首先,基于光伏系統(tǒng)建模,分析了系統(tǒng)在光照、溫度等外界環(huán)境變化情況下的輸出特性；針對現(xiàn)有各種最大功率點跟蹤算法,進(jìn)行分析對比并總結(jié)其優(yōu)缺點。傳統(tǒng)的MPPT算法典型問題在于：跟蹤速度較慢、最大功率點附近不穩(wěn)定、外界環(huán)境突變情況下易發(fā)生誤判、算法復(fù)雜而實用性差等。本文針對上述問題,對變步長導(dǎo)納增量法進(jìn)行研究,在分析輸出功率與占空比關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)揮占空比調(diào)節(jié)方法簡便、實用的優(yōu)勢,從而實現(xiàn)快速、穩(wěn)定的MPPT,并可在環(huán)境突變的情況下,避免誤判情況的發(fā)生。 其次,分別針對占空比擾動觀測法、傳統(tǒng)變步長導(dǎo)納增量法及論文優(yōu)化設(shè)計的改進(jìn)型變步長導(dǎo)納增量法,建立了三個MPPT控制算法模型,在外界光照突變情況下,分別進(jìn)行了Matlab仿真實驗,對比分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：在外界環(huán)境突變的情況下,改進(jìn)型變步長導(dǎo)納增量算法跟蹤速度更快,在最大功率點附近跟蹤更穩(wěn)定。 進(jìn)而,基于改進(jìn)型變步長導(dǎo)納增量法,完成了MPPT控制器硬件和軟件設(shè)計,利用搭建的實際光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng),對該控制器進(jìn)行實驗測試,結(jié)果表明：基于改進(jìn)型變步長導(dǎo)納增量法的MPPT控制系統(tǒng)對外界環(huán)境突變響應(yīng)更快速,充電效率更高。最后,將該控制器與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)控制技術(shù)初步融合,給出了太陽能路燈遠(yuǎn)程智能監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案,實現(xiàn)了對太陽能照明系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)程智能監(jiān)控基本功能。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of economy depends more and more on energy.Non-renewable traditional energy sources, such as coal, oil, natural gas and so on, are facing depletion, and the development of new energy technology is urgently needed to promote the development of social economy.As an outstanding representative in the field of new energy, photovoltaic power generation has many advantages, such as wide distribution, large storage, easy to use and so on, and has been more and more favored by people.However, the traditional photovoltaic power generation system has low efficiency and high cost, which to a large extent restricts its large-scale promotion and application. MPPTs can effectively solve this problem.After decades of development, photovoltaic MPPT technology has made great progress, and has been widely used in the field of photovoltaic engineering.In this paper, the following research is carried out around the maximum power point tracking control technology for photovoltaic power generation.Firstly, based on the photovoltaic system modeling, the output characteristics of the system under the circumstance of light and temperature are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the existing maximum power point tracking algorithms are analyzed and compared.The typical problems of the traditional MPPT algorithm are that the tracking speed is slow, the maximum power point is unstable, the environment is abrupt, the algorithm is complex and practical, and so on.In this paper, the variable step admittance increment method is studied to solve the above problems. On the basis of analyzing the relationship between output power and duty cycle, the method of duty cycle adjustment is simple and practical, so that it can be realized quickly.Stable MPPTs, and can avoid misjudgment in the case of environmental mutation.Secondly, three MPPT control algorithm models are established for the duty cycle perturbation observation method, the traditional variable step admittance increment method and the improved variable step size admittance increment method, which are optimized in this paper.The Matlab simulation experiments are carried out, and the results show that the improved variable step size admittance increment algorithm is faster in tracking speed and more stable in the vicinity of the maximum power point in the case of sudden change in the external environment.Then, based on the improved variable step size admittance increment method, the hardware and software design of the MPPT controller is completed, and the actual PV power generation system is used to test the controller.The results show that the MPPT control system based on the improved variable step size admittance increment method has a faster response to the sudden change of the external environment and higher charging efficiency.Finally, combining the controller with the Internet of things control technology, the design scheme of solar street lamp remote intelligent monitoring system is presented, and the basic function of remote intelligent monitoring system for solar energy lighting system is realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615;TP273

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