本文選題：步進(jìn)電機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：STM32　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和微電子的發(fā)展,步進(jìn)電機(jī)作為自動化控制系統(tǒng)中的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),被越來越多的應(yīng)用于各個領(lǐng)域中。特別是近年來嵌入式控制技術(shù)和集成化電路的發(fā)展,使得步進(jìn)電機(jī)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用范圍越來越廣。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,電機(jī)的控制也由簡單的控制發(fā)展到對速度和位置的精確控制。為了提高執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的工作效率,同步或異步精確控制多臺步進(jìn)電機(jī)成為近年來研究的熱點(diǎn)。 針對這一問題,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于ARM與FPGA的多通道步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時快速精確的控制八臺兩相雙極性混合式步進(jìn)電機(jī),完成電機(jī)的啟動、加速、勻速、減速、停機(jī)、速度調(diào)整及步數(shù)調(diào)整等功能。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中,該系統(tǒng)可以分為上位機(jī)、STM32和FPGA三個主要部分組成。 上位機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)為整個控制系統(tǒng)提供一個簡單有效的人機(jī)交互操作界面,用戶可以通過此界面對步進(jìn)電機(jī)進(jìn)行控制。STM32微處理器分別與上位機(jī)和FPGA通信,并實(shí)現(xiàn)三者之間數(shù)據(jù)和命令的傳遞和處理。FPGA采用Verilog-HDL硬件編程語言進(jìn)行編寫。在整個控制系統(tǒng)中,FPGA同STM32通信并執(zhí)行上位機(jī)命令,實(shí)現(xiàn)控制脈沖的輸出,并完成步進(jìn)電機(jī)各狀態(tài)(如啟動、加速、勻速、減速、停機(jī)等)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動器是控制系統(tǒng)部不可或缺的一部分,這里采用了L297+L298的經(jīng)典組合。FPGA輸出的控制脈沖,通過該驅(qū)動器的L297芯片脈沖分配后,接入L298中功率放大,最終驅(qū)動步進(jìn)電機(jī)。 實(shí)現(xiàn)多通道步進(jìn)電機(jī)的同步控制是本次系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。所謂同步控制即是系統(tǒng)能控制多臺步進(jìn)電機(jī)同時運(yùn)行。這個功能要通過上下位機(jī)共同作用來實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:With the development of computer technology and microelectronics, stepping motor, as the executive mechanism of automatic control system, has been applied in more and more fields.Especially with the development of embedded control technology and integrated circuit, the practical application of stepper motor is more and more extensive.In practical application, the control of motor has been developed from simple control to accurate control of speed and position.In order to improve the efficiency of actuators, synchronous or asynchronous precise control of multiple stepping motors has become a hot topic in recent years.To solve this problem, a multi-channel stepping motor control system based on ARM and FPGA is designed in this paper, which can control eight two-phase bipolar hybrid stepping motors in real time, fast and accurately, and complete the start, acceleration, uniform speed and deceleration of the motor.Stop, speed adjustment and step adjustment and other functions.In the process of design, the system can be divided into three main parts: upper computer STM32 and FPGA.The design of the upper computer provides a simple and effective man-machine interactive interface for the whole control system, through which the user can control the stepper motor by using the .STM32 microprocessor to communicate with the host computer and FPGA, respectively.The transfer and processing of data and commands between them are realized. FPGA is written by Verilog-HDL hardware programming language.In the whole control system, the STM32 communicates with the STM32 and executes the command of the upper computer to realize the output of the control pulse, and to complete the conversion between the various states of the stepping motor (such as starting, accelerating, uniform speed, decelerating, stopping, etc.).The stepper motor driver is an indispensable part of the control system. The control pulse output from L297 L298 is adopted in this paper. After the L297 chip pulse is allocated, the stepping motor is finally driven by the L298 medium power amplifier.Realizing synchronous control of multi-channel stepping motor is the characteristic and difficulty of this system design.The so-called synchronous control is that the system can control the multi-step motor running at the same time.This function should be achieved through the joint action of the upper and lower computers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM383.6;TP273

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