本文選題：電阻爐　切入點：PID　出處：《河南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：電阻爐是一種重要的熱加工設(shè)備,廣泛地應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、科研教學(xué)等場合,用作金屬加熱、元素分析測定和鋼件的熱處理等操作。電阻爐溫度控制效果的優(yōu)劣直接影響產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)和工作效率。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,對電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)提出了更高的要求,即要求電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)具有反應(yīng)迅速、溫度控制準(zhǔn)確和較高的溫控精度等性能。由于電阻爐的溫度是一個大慣性、大滯后、時變、且非線性的參數(shù),采用傳統(tǒng)PID控制不能解決系統(tǒng)的非線性、時變和PID參數(shù)的在線整定難等問題,因此電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)當(dāng)采用PID控制算法時,不能達到較好的控制效果。本文針對電阻爐溫度的特性,采用了一種新的控制算法,即模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)PID算法�？筛鶕�(jù)電阻爐的溫度的偏差及其變化實時對PID的3個參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化,達到具有最佳組合的PID控制,從而實現(xiàn)PID控制的自適應(yīng)和智能化性能。本文以SX2-4-10高溫箱式電阻爐為研究對象,分析電阻爐的工作特性,采用機理分析法對電阻爐溫度對象進行分析,從理論上建立電阻爐被控對象的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并采用理論和實驗相結(jié)合的求取電阻爐溫度的傳遞函數(shù)。使用Matlab的simulink仿真,通過傳統(tǒng)PID與模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)PID階躍響應(yīng)曲線的比較,表明系統(tǒng)采用模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)PID算法具有更好的動、靜態(tài)特性和自適應(yīng)性,對突加的外部的擾動具有良好的抗擾動能力。本文以單片機ATmega16為核心控制器,以K型熱電偶為溫度傳感器,設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)的硬件系統(tǒng),完成了溫度的檢測、控制、報警、顯示等功能,溫度的控制是通過調(diào)壓電路來實現(xiàn)的。硬件系統(tǒng)通過串行口與上位機相連。本文設(shè)計了系統(tǒng)的軟件,包括上位機和下位機軟件,上位機主要功能是通過采用圖形化編程軟件LABVIEW來對爐溫進行監(jiān)控界面設(shè)計,下位機則是通過對單片機進行軟件編程來實現(xiàn)爐溫的控制功能。最后,本文對系統(tǒng)進行了運行檢驗,最后得到一個較理想的電阻爐溫度曲線,證明本文設(shè)計的電阻爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)能在較短時間內(nèi)把爐溫升到設(shè)定值,響應(yīng)速率快,爐溫穩(wěn)定時間大約在200s左右。實際運行時,超調(diào)量和穩(wěn)定性沒有仿真效果那么理想,但系統(tǒng)的最大爐溫超調(diào)很小,爐溫波動保持在目標(biāo)值±1℃范圍以內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:Resistance furnace is an important hot processing equipment, widely used in industrial production, scientific research teaching and other occasions, used as metal heating, With the development of science and technology, the temperature control system of resistive furnace is required to be higher, and the quality of the temperature control system of resistor furnace is greatly improved with the development of science and technology, such as the operation of element analysis and heat treatment of steel parts, and the effect of temperature control on resistance furnace directly affects the product quality and working efficiency. That is to say, the resistance furnace temperature control system is required to have the characteristics of rapid reaction, accurate temperature control and high temperature control accuracy. Because the temperature of resistance furnace is a large inertia, large lag, time-varying and nonlinear parameters, Traditional PID control can not solve the problems of nonlinear, time-varying and on-line tuning of PID parameters. Therefore, when the temperature control system of resistor furnace adopts PID control algorithm, In this paper, a new control algorithm is used to control the temperature of resistance furnace. That is, fuzzy neural network PID algorithm. According to the temperature deviation of resistor furnace and its variation, the three parameters of PID can be optimized in real time, and the PID control with the best combination can be achieved. In order to realize the adaptive and intelligent performance of PID control, this paper takes the SX2-4-10 high-temperature box resistor furnace as the research object, analyzes the working characteristics of the resistor furnace, and analyzes the temperature object of the resistor furnace by using the mechanism analysis method. The mathematical model of the controlled object of resistor furnace is established theoretically, and the transfer function of resistance furnace temperature is obtained by combining theory and experiment. The simulink simulation of Matlab is used to compare the step response curve of traditional PID with that of PID based on fuzzy neural network. It shows that the fuzzy neural network PID algorithm has better dynamic, static and adaptive characteristics, and has a good anti-disturbance capability to the sudden external disturbance. The core controller of this system is single chip microcomputer (ATmega16). Taking K type thermocouple as temperature sensor, the hardware system of the system is designed, and the functions of temperature detection, control, alarm, display and so on are completed. The temperature control is realized by voltage regulation circuit. The hardware system is connected to the host computer by serial port. The software of the system is designed in this paper, including the upper computer and the lower computer software. The main function of the upper computer is to design the furnace temperature monitoring interface by using the graphical programming software LABVIEW, and the lower computer to realize the control function of the furnace temperature by the software programming of the single chip microcomputer. Finally, an ideal resistance furnace temperature curve is obtained, which proves that the temperature control system designed in this paper can raise the furnace temperature to a set value in a short time, the response rate is fast, and the furnace temperature stability time is about 200 s. The overshoot and stability are not as ideal as the simulation results, but the maximum furnace temperature overshoot of the system is very small, and the furnace temperature fluctuation is kept in the range of 鹵1 鈩，

本文編號：1696409