本文選題：變壓器式可控電抗器　切入點(diǎn)：電磁場(chǎng)　出處：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：CRT(Controllable Reactor of Transformer Type,變壓器式可控電抗器)是一種新型的可控電抗器。它能夠?qū)挿秶焖倨交恼{(diào)節(jié)輸出感性無(wú)功，并且可以通過(guò)級(jí)數(shù)的合理設(shè)置，將諧波減小到要求的水平。它的這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)，使其滿足補(bǔ)償電網(wǎng)無(wú)功，控制電網(wǎng)電壓穩(wěn)定的要求，因此國(guó)內(nèi)外有越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者對(duì)其展開(kāi)了深入的研究。 本文以變壓器式可控電抗器CRT為主要研究對(duì)象，研究分析CRT的一些基本理論問(wèn)題，如CRT的等效電路、工作特性、諧波分析、功率級(jí)數(shù)的計(jì)算等。通過(guò)使用FEM(FiniteElement Method,有限元法)分析CRT的電磁場(chǎng)分布和鐵心磁通分布，得到額定功率時(shí)控制繞組的電流，并且計(jì)算CRT的阻抗參數(shù)，為CRT后續(xù)更加深入的研究和結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化提供實(shí)用的資料。 介紹CRT的基本工作原理，根據(jù)其結(jié)構(gòu)，，建立CRT的多邊形等值電路模型、梯形等值電路模型和射線形等值電路模型。分析CRT的諧波特性、控制特性、有功消耗和響應(yīng)時(shí)間，得到諧波含有率與控制級(jí)數(shù)的關(guān)系和控制特性表達(dá)式（即晶閘管觸發(fā)角與電流的關(guān)系式），給出有功消耗的計(jì)算方法，用matlab仿真分析CRT的過(guò)渡過(guò)程。通過(guò)對(duì)CRT這些性能的分析，得到CRT有諧波小和響應(yīng)速度快等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，對(duì)它有一個(gè)全面的了解。 由于CRT的控制級(jí)數(shù)與諧波有著密切的聯(lián)系，因此要對(duì)CRT的諧波進(jìn)行深入的分析。根據(jù)諧波的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，給出三種諧波含有率的定義，對(duì)三種情況下諧波含有率與其控制級(jí)數(shù)之間的關(guān)系表達(dá)式進(jìn)行推導(dǎo)。通過(guò)比較分析和算例計(jì)算得到的結(jié)果可知，已有文獻(xiàn)關(guān)于CRT諧波的計(jì)算方法會(huì)導(dǎo)致過(guò)多的控制級(jí)數(shù)。在滿足諧波電流有效值要求的前提下，使用新的計(jì)算方法可以將CRT的控制級(jí)數(shù)減小到兩級(jí)，這可以大大簡(jiǎn)化CRT的結(jié)構(gòu)，并且簡(jiǎn)化控制，降低制造成本。 介紹有限元方法在電磁場(chǎng)計(jì)算中的一般分析方法，給出CRT的有限元數(shù)學(xué)模型。介紹ANSYS有限元分析軟件，以及它在二維和三維電磁場(chǎng)分析中的應(yīng)用。闡述它的使用方法和分析有限元問(wèn)題的一般步驟，最后介紹場(chǎng)路耦合分析方法在CRT電磁場(chǎng)分布問(wèn)題中的分析步驟。 以ANSYS為仿真分析平臺(tái)，采用場(chǎng)路耦合的有限元電磁場(chǎng)分析方法，建立6繞組CRT的實(shí)體模型，對(duì)CRT的諧波磁場(chǎng)進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明在額定負(fù)載時(shí)，CRT的主磁場(chǎng)主要分布于工作繞組和控制繞組之間以及它們各自所占的空間中，鐵心柱中幾乎沒(méi)有磁通通過(guò)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，利用ANSYS的后處理功能得到通過(guò)鐵心和繞組的磁通，計(jì)算各個(gè)控制繞組的電流分配。介紹使用磁場(chǎng)能量法計(jì)算繞組電感的原理，并且使用APDL(ANSYS Parameters Design Language,ANSYS參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言)編程計(jì)算得到CRT的自互阻抗和短路阻抗矩陣。
[Abstract]:CRT(Controllable Reactor of Transformer type (transformer controllable reactor) is a new type of controllable reactor. It can adjust inductive reactive power quickly and smoothly in a wide range, and can be set reasonably by series. The harmonic wave is reduced to the required level. These advantages make it meet the demand of compensating reactive power and controlling the voltage stability of the power network, so more and more scholars at home and abroad have carried out in-depth research on it. In this paper, the transformer controllable reactor (CRT) is taken as the main research object, and some basic theoretical problems of CRT are studied and analyzed, such as equivalent circuit of CRT, working characteristics, harmonic analysis, etc. By using FEM(FiniteElement method, the electromagnetic field distribution and core flux distribution of CRT are analyzed, the current of control winding is obtained when the rated power is rated, and the impedance parameters of CRT are calculated. It provides practical data for further research and structural optimization of CRT. The basic working principle of CRT is introduced. According to its structure, the polygonal equivalent circuit model, trapezoidal equivalent circuit model and radial equivalent circuit model of CRT are established. The harmonic characteristics, control characteristics, active power consumption and response time of CRT are analyzed. The relation between harmonic content rate and control series and the expression of control characteristic are obtained. The calculation method of active power consumption is given, and the transition process of CRT is simulated by matlab. Through the analysis of these properties of CRT, the calculation method of active power consumption is given. It is concluded that CRT has many advantages, such as low harmonic and fast response, and has a comprehensive understanding of it. Since the control series of CRT is closely related to harmonics, it is necessary to analyze the harmonics of CRT deeply. According to the standard of harmonics, the definition of three kinds of harmonic containing rate is given. The expression of the relationship between the harmonic content rate and its control series is deduced in three cases. The calculation method of CRT harmonics in existing literature will lead to too many control series. On the premise of satisfying the requirements of the effective value of harmonic current, the control series of CRT can be reduced to two levels by using the new calculation method, which can greatly simplify the structure of CRT. It also simplifies control and reduces manufacturing cost. The general analysis method of finite element method in electromagnetic field calculation is introduced, and the finite element mathematical model of CRT is given. The ANSYS finite element analysis software is introduced. And its application in two-dimensional and three-dimensional electromagnetic field analysis. The application method and general steps of finite element analysis are described. Finally, the analysis steps of field-circuit coupling analysis method in CRT electromagnetic field distribution problem are introduced. Taking ANSYS as the simulation platform, the solid model of 6-winding CRT is established by using the field-circuit coupled finite element electromagnetic field analysis method. The harmonic magnetic field of CRT is analyzed. The results show that the main magnetic field of CRT is mainly distributed between the working winding and the control winding and the space occupied by them, and there is almost no flux passing through the core column. Using the post processing function of ANSYS, the current distribution of each control winding is calculated through the flux of iron core and winding. The principle of calculating winding inductance by magnetic field energy method is introduced. And the self-mutual impedance and short-circuit impedance matrix of CRT are calculated by using APDL(ANSYS Parameters Design language and ANSYS parametric design language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM47

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