本文選題：微生物燃料電池　切入點：電化學氧化法　出處：《華南理工大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：微生物燃料電池利用微生物，將可再生的生物質(zhì)能（廢水或者其它廢棄物）轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，是一種潔凈的可再生能源技術(shù)。本文以生活污水為處理對象，以電化學氧化法修飾的碳布作為陽極，以鉑負載量為0.5mg/cm2的碳布作為陰極構(gòu)建單室空氣陰極微生物燃料電池(SCMFCs)。通過掃描電鏡(SEM)和X射線光電子能譜(XPS)詳細表征了陽極碳布的表面生物膜和表面官能團的分布情況，揭示了電化學氧化法提高SCMFCs性能的直接原因；細致考察了陽極碳布的處理方式（電化學氧化法和浸泡法）、乙酸鈉濃度、離子強度和pH值等參數(shù)對SCMFCs產(chǎn)電性能的影響，完成各參數(shù)的系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化。 首先，詳細研究了陽極碳布經(jīng)三種電解質(zhì)溶液（混酸、硝酸銨、硫酸銨）修飾后對SCMFCs產(chǎn)電性能的影響。與未改性碳布相比，，經(jīng)修飾后的三種陽極碳布均顯著提高了SCMFCs的輸出電壓和功率密度，其中混酸（硫酸和硝酸的混合液）的修飾效果最為明顯。 其次，通過SEM和XPS對陽極碳布的表面生物膜和表面官能團的分布情況進行詳細表征，揭示了電化學氧化法提高SCMFCs性能的直接原因。陽極表面的電化學修飾有助于增加不飽和碳原子以及氧化性碳原子的數(shù)量，顯著提高電化學活性比表面積，從而提高微生物在電極表面的附著速率和生物膜含量。 第三，以混酸、硝酸銨和硫酸銨作為改性溶液，分析了兩種不同修飾方法：化學浸泡法和電化學氧化法對陽極碳布表面形貌特征和元素組成的影響。相比于化學浸泡法，電化學氧化法能夠有效提高碳布表面的粗糙度，增多表面刻蝕和溝痕，增大碳布表面積，因而有效促進了微生物在表面的附著；此外，電化學氧化法能使碳布表面產(chǎn)生更多親水官能團，提高碳布表面的浸潤性，上述變化可能是電化學氧化法提高SCMFCs性能的直接原因。 最后，分別以混酸和硝酸銨作為修飾陽極碳布的電解質(zhì)溶液，考察了乙酸鈉濃度、離子強度、pH值和混酸濃度對SCMFCs產(chǎn)電性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明：在底物乙酸鈉濃度為3g/L、氯化鈉濃度為100mM、pH值分別為8（混酸）和7.5（硝酸銨）、混酸濃度為1/6倍濃酸時SCMFCs能獲得最大產(chǎn)電性能。
[Abstract]:Microbial fuel cell is a clean renewable energy technology, which uses microorganisms to convert renewable biomass energy (waste water or other wastes) into electric energy.In this paper, a single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell (SCMFCs) was constructed by using carbon cloth modified by electrochemical oxidation as anode and carbon cloth loaded with platinum as 0.5mg/cm2 cathode.The distribution of biofilm and functional groups on the surface of anodic carbon cloth was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the direct reason for improving the performance of SCMFCs by electrochemical oxidation was revealed.The effects of the treatment methods of anodic carbon cloth (electrochemical oxidation and immersion method, sodium acetate concentration, ionic strength and pH value) on the electrical properties of SCMFCs were investigated in detail.Firstly, the effects of three kinds of electrolyte solutions (mixed acid, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate) on the electrical properties of SCMFCs were studied in detail.Compared with the unmodified carbon cloth, the three kinds of modified anodic carbon cloth significantly increased the output voltage and power density of SCMFCs, and the modification effect of the mixed acid (the mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid) was the most obvious.Secondly, the distribution of biofilm and functional groups on the surface of anodic carbon cloth was characterized by SEM and XPS in detail, which revealed the direct reason of improving the performance of SCMFCs by electrochemical oxidation.The electrochemical modification of the anode surface can increase the number of unsaturated carbon atoms and oxidizing carbon atoms, and increase the specific surface area of electrochemical activity, thus increasing the adhesion rate of microorganisms and the content of biofilm on the electrode surface.Thirdly, using mixed acid, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate as modified solutions, the effects of two different modification methods, chemical immersion method and electrochemical oxidation method, on the surface morphology and elemental composition of anodic carbon cloth were analyzed.Compared with chemical immersion method, electrochemical oxidation method can effectively improve the roughness of carbon cloth surface, increase surface etching and groove marks, increase carbon cloth surface area, thus effectively promote the adhesion of microorganisms on the surface.Electrochemical oxidation can make the surface of carbon cloth produce more hydrophilic functional groups and improve the wettability of carbon cloth surface. These changes may be the direct reason for the electrochemical oxidation method to improve the performance of SCMFCs.Finally, the effects of sodium acetate concentration, ionic strength pH value and mixed acid concentration on the electrical properties of SCMFCs were investigated by using mixed acid and ammonium nitrate as electrolyte solutions respectively.The results show that when the substrate concentration of sodium acetate is 3 g / L, the pH value of sodium chloride is 100 mMN = 8 (mixed acid) and 7.5 (ammonium nitrate), and the concentration of mixed acid is 1 / 6 times concentrated acid, SCMFCs can obtain the maximum electrical performance.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM911.4;O646.54

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