本文選題：氣體絕緣　切入點：耐受壓力　出處：《上海交通大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：氣體是一種實用的絕緣介質,不管是中壓領域的環(huán)網(wǎng)柜還是高壓領域的氣體絕緣組合電器,都需要氣體絕緣介質。而SF6氣體是一種使用量很大的氣體絕緣介質,在中壓領域特別是12k V環(huán)網(wǎng)柜市場上占有大部分份額。但近年來的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)SF6是溫室效應氣體之一,是影響全球變暖的重要因素,因此人們著手研究新的絕緣介質取代SF6。氣體絕緣水平的高低常通過氣體放電試驗來驗證,因此,我們很有必要研發(fā)一套氣體放電裝置來研究SF6混合氣體以及環(huán)保型氣體的放電特性,并為該氣體的推廣做好前期技術儲備。本文研究氣體放電特性的思路是基于以下三種典型的電場:均勻電場、稍不均勻電場和極不均勻電場。三種電場模型可通過一定條件下的板-板、球-球、針-板電極來實現(xiàn),而氣體放電不僅包括氣體本體放電還包括沿著絕緣結構表面的放電。因此,一套完整的放電裝置要能實現(xiàn)放電現(xiàn)象的觀測,不應在試驗過程中造成設備表面爬電;設備在試驗過程中因電擊損壞。其次,還應具有抽真空、充放氣、電極切換、間距調節(jié)等基本功能。再次,氣體放電試驗裝置也是一種承壓容器,要滿足壓力設備安全使用要求,法蘭壁厚、封口連接、壓力顯示、密封保壓、超壓泄放等要求必須得到保證。本文通過查閱國內(nèi)外資料,對氣體絕緣設備做了充分的分析和比較,指出其優(yōu)缺點。通過對罐體壁厚和承壓能力的詳細計算,確定了罐體的外形尺寸;通過比較幾種調節(jié)電極方案的優(yōu)缺點選擇了一種動密封方案;通過對壓力容器其密封的關鍵參數(shù)研究確定了與密封有關的尺寸及配合間隙。在進行裝置的電氣結構設計時,首先確定了高壓引入端絕緣子/套管的外形尺寸、閃絡距離。借助ANSYS仿真軟件分析了各種電極情況下的電場分布,并根據(jù)仿真結果對電極結構、高壓套管的外形和尺寸做了優(yōu)化。最后研制成功了一整套結構較合理、功能較齊全的氣體絕緣試驗裝置,為環(huán)保型氣體的研究做好準備。最后利用本套裝置進行SF6氣體的放電試驗,及SF6/N2混合氣體的絕緣試驗,將試驗結果和前人研究的結論對比,所測數(shù)據(jù)基本吻合,所有試驗均達到了預期效果,從而證明用本套裝置進行環(huán)保氣體絕緣方面的研究是完全合適的。
[Abstract]:Gas is a practical insulating medium, whether in the field of medium voltage ring cabinets or in high voltage field gas insulation composite appliances, gas insulation medium, and SF6 gas is a kind of gas insulation medium, In the field of medium voltage, especially in the market of 12kV ring cabinets, it has been found in recent years that SF6 is one of the gases of Greenhouse Effect and an important factor influencing global warming. Therefore, people began to study the replacement of SF6with new insulating dielectrics. The level of gas insulation is often verified by gas discharge tests. It is necessary to develop a set of gas discharge devices to study the discharge characteristics of SF6 mixtures and environmentally friendly gases. In this paper, the idea of studying the characteristics of gas discharge is based on the following three typical electric fields: uniform electric field, The three kinds of electric field models can be realized by plate plate, ball ball, needle plate electrode under certain conditions. The gas discharge includes not only the discharge of the gas body but also the discharge along the surface of the insulating structure. Therefore, a set of complete discharge devices should be able to realize the observation of the discharge phenomenon and should not cause the surface creeping of the equipment in the course of the test. The equipment is damaged by electric shock during the test. Secondly, it should also have the basic functions of pumping vacuum, filling and discharging gas, switching electrodes and adjusting the spacing. Thirdly, the gas discharge test device is also a kind of pressure vessel. In order to meet the requirements of safe use of pressure equipment, the requirements of flange wall thickness, sealing connection, pressure display, sealing keeping pressure, overpressure releasing and so on must be guaranteed. The gas insulation equipment is analyzed and compared, and its advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. Through the detailed calculation of the wall thickness and pressure bearing capacity of the tank, the external dimensions of the tank are determined. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of regulating electrode schemes, a dynamic sealing scheme is selected, and the dimensions and matching clearance related to the seal are determined by studying the key parameters of the seal of the pressure vessel. The shape size and flashover distance of the insulator / casing at the high voltage inductor end are first determined. The electric field distribution under various electrode conditions is analyzed with the help of ANSYS simulation software, and the electrode structure is analyzed according to the simulation results. The shape and size of high voltage casing are optimized. Finally, a set of gas insulation test equipment with reasonable structure and complete function has been developed. Finally, the discharge test of SF6 gas and the insulation test of SF6/N2 mixture gas are carried out by using this device. The experimental results are compared with the conclusions of previous studies, and the measured data are in good agreement with each other. All the experiments have achieved the expected effect, which proves that the research on environmental gas insulation with this device is completely suitable.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM21

【參考文獻】

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1 李錳;汪l，

本文編號：1688522