本文選題：超聲電源　切入點：電流法　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：摘要：近年來,隨著電子技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,超聲技術(shù)得到了迅速的發(fā)展并被廣泛應(yīng)用。尤其是在超聲加工方面,大功率超聲技術(shù)的應(yīng)用越來越廣。不斷提高的應(yīng)用要求,反過來又促進了對超聲電源研究的不斷深入。實現(xiàn)頻率自動跟蹤和振幅恒定控制是超聲電源的兩個關(guān)鍵技術(shù),各個研究者都在不斷對其進行深入研究與改善。 本文針對超聲電源的頻率自動跟蹤、振幅恒定控制等關(guān)鍵技術(shù),基于ARM Cortex-M3架構(gòu)嵌入式微處理器STM32研制了一套智能化大功率超聲電源。主要研究內(nèi)容包括： (1)根據(jù)超聲換能器的等效電路特性,分析了超聲換能器的多峰值性和相位特性,提出了基于電流法和相位控制法相結(jié)合的頻率自動跟蹤方案,該方案既能在換能器開始工作前對換能器的諧振頻率進行自動搜索,使得電源能自動適配具有不同諧振頻率的換能器進行工作,還能對換能器在工作過程中發(fā)生的諧振頻率漂移進行精確跟蹤；同時基于換能器回路中電流有效值與換能器輸出振幅的關(guān)系,設(shè)計了將換能器回路中電流有效值作為反饋信號來調(diào)節(jié)電源輸出功率的方法,實現(xiàn)振幅恒定控制； (2)建立了超聲電源主電路結(jié)構(gòu),并分別對整流、功率調(diào)節(jié)、逆變、匹配、反饋等進行了深入的分析。通過在整流環(huán)節(jié)使用Buck斬波器解決電源輸出功率可調(diào)的問題；使用基于DDS技術(shù)的PWM波形發(fā)生器、基于RC延時電路的死區(qū)時間形成電路以及IR2110驅(qū)動芯片共同實現(xiàn)對全橋逆變電路的驅(qū)動,產(chǎn)生頻率可高精度調(diào)節(jié)的交流信號來驅(qū)動換能器工作,該逆變部分的設(shè)計使控制器執(zhí)行簡單的步驟就能進行快速、高精度地頻率自動跟蹤；在反饋系統(tǒng)中根據(jù)反饋控制方案所改進的相位檢測電路能極大簡化控制器的軟件設(shè)計,極大提升頻率跟蹤的速度； (3)根據(jù)超聲電源的工作特點設(shè)計了控制系統(tǒng)軟件程序,包括頻率自動跟蹤控制程序和振幅恒定控制程序,具體實現(xiàn)了控制思想。為了實現(xiàn)既快速又精確的控制,設(shè)計了變步長的控制策略。由于對各硬件部分的電路進行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計,軟件結(jié)構(gòu)變得簡單,使控制更加穩(wěn)定； (4)基于理論設(shè)計完成了超聲電源硬件的制作和軟件的編寫,進行了大量實驗調(diào)試。并在實驗過程中對不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題進行了理論研究與實踐測試。 實驗結(jié)果表明,本文研制的大功率超聲電源可使換能系統(tǒng)快速、準確地工作在諧振狀態(tài),振動過程穩(wěn)定,所設(shè)計的軟硬件系統(tǒng)較好實現(xiàn)了預(yù)期功能。
[Abstract]:Abstract: in recent years, with the rapid development of electronic technology, ultrasonic technology has been rapidly developed and widely used. On the other hand, the research on ultrasonic power supply has been further developed. The realization of frequency automatic tracking and amplitude constant control are two key technologies of ultrasonic power supply, which are studied and improved continuously by various researchers. Aiming at the key technologies of frequency automatic tracking and amplitude constant control of ultrasonic power supply, an intelligent high power ultrasonic power supply is developed based on embedded microprocessor STM32 based on ARM Cortex-M3 architecture. The main research contents are as follows:. 1) according to the equivalent circuit characteristics of ultrasonic transducer, the multi-peak and phase characteristics of ultrasonic transducer are analyzed, and a frequency automatic tracking scheme based on the combination of current method and phase control method is proposed. This scheme not only can automatically search the resonant frequency of the transducer before it starts working, but also can automatically adapt the power supply to the transducer with different resonant frequencies. The resonant frequency drift of the transducer can also be tracked accurately, and the relationship between the effective value of the current in the transducer loop and the output amplitude of the transducer can be obtained. The method of adjusting the output power of the power supply by using the effective value of the current in the transducer loop as the feedback signal is designed to realize the constant amplitude control. (2) the main circuit structure of ultrasonic power supply is established, and the rectifier, power regulation, inverter, matching, feedback and so on are analyzed in depth. The problem of adjustable output power of power supply is solved by using Buck chopper in rectifier. The PWM waveform generator based on DDS technology, the dead-time forming circuit based on RC delay circuit and the IR2110 driver chip are used to drive the full-bridge inverter circuit. The AC signal can be adjusted with high precision to drive the transducer. The design of the inverter part enables the controller to carry out fast and high-precision frequency automatic tracking by performing simple steps, and the improved phase detection circuit based on the feedback control scheme in the feedback system can greatly simplify the software design of the controller. Greatly improve the speed of frequency tracking; 3) according to the working characteristics of ultrasonic power supply, the software program of control system is designed, including frequency automatic tracking control program and amplitude constant control program. The control strategy of variable step size is designed. The software structure becomes simple and the control is more stable because of the optimized design of the circuits of each hardware part. 4) based on the theoretical design, the hardware and software of ultrasonic power supply are made, and a large number of experiments are carried out, and the problems found in the experiment are studied theoretically and tested in practice. The experimental results show that the high power ultrasonic power supply developed in this paper can make the energy transfer system work quickly and accurately in the resonant state and the vibration process is stable. The software and hardware system designed in this paper achieves the expected function well.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN86

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