發(fā)布時間：2018-03-29 15:55

  本文選題：鉛酸蓄電池　切入點：極化　出處：《福州大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：到目前為止,鉛酸蓄電池仍然是最廣泛使用的二次電池。受到板柵結(jié)構(gòu)、電池溫度、電流大小等因素的影響,電池極板各部位極化不同,從而對鉛酸蓄電池性能產(chǎn)生很大影響,使不同部位的活性物質(zhì)利用率存在差異�；钚晕镔|(zhì)利用率越高部位,循環(huán)一定次數(shù)后,該部位失效越快。為改善電池設(shè)計,研究其失效模式是非常有必要的。本文研究了溫度和板柵結(jié)構(gòu)對放電期間極板極化以及電池性能的影響,研究了單體電池在充放電期間板極間的電勢分布,同時還考察了極耳位置對電流分布的影響,研究了循環(huán)過程中電池失效原大。得到以下結(jié)論：1、測量22 Ah以及20 Ah電池在不同溫度、不同放電倍率下極板的歐姆極化,結(jié)果表明：極板歐姆極化隨著溫度降低而減小,不同板柵結(jié)構(gòu)明顯影響極板上電流密度分布,22 Ah電池所用板柵上部豎筋多可明顯降低極化,電流密度分布更均勻。電流在板柵上流動主要是在豎直方向筋條上，板柵設(shè)計時應(yīng)考慮這因素,極板豎直方向上歐姆極化與放電電流大小成正比,25℃下22 Ah電池3C1 C、0.5 C放電時正極板上半部的歐姆極化分別為20 mV、6.8mV、3.45 mV。2、極板極耳位置變化影響極板兩側(cè)電勢分布。中極耳極板上電流分布比邊極耳極板的要均勻,活性物質(zhì)利用率更高,中極耳極板電池與邊極耳極板電池的2.5 A放電容量分別為4.45 Ah和3.98 Ah。測量電池充放電過程中正、負極板間的電勢變化,結(jié)果表明：電池充放電期間正、負極板間電解液存在IR降,其值與電流值成正比,以2.5A、5A、15A電流恒流放電結(jié)束后,極板間電勢差分別達到了0.131 V、0.197 V和0.553 V。3、對電池進行解剖和失效分析,結(jié)果表明：正極板上部活性物質(zhì)軟化脫落及板柵腐蝕是導(dǎo)致電池失效的原因。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)循環(huán)過程中正極活性物質(zhì)的結(jié)品度在增加,逐漸失去無定型結(jié)構(gòu),且α-PbO2逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為β-PBO2。β-PbO2晶粒尺寸隨著循環(huán)過程在不斷變大,平均尺寸從31.8 nm長到了54.8 nm,脫落的活性物質(zhì)部分甚至達到了73.7 nm,尺寸較大的活性物質(zhì)與其他活性物質(zhì)的接觸變差,這部分活性物質(zhì)便從極板上脫落下來：(2)正極板板柵不同部位的腐蝕的情況各不相同，上部的腐蝕明顯比中部嚴重,當電池失效后,正極上部的板柵已經(jīng)有約一半被腐蝕,腐蝕層內(nèi)存在大量的小氣孔以及裂縫,而板柵中部較完好；(3)放電后電池隔板中部電解液濃度比上部和下部的都要低。隨著循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加,放電后隔板中電解液濃度有所增大,并且出現(xiàn)了輕微的分層現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:So far, two battery lead-acid battery is still the most widely used. By grid structure, battery temperature, current size, polarization of various parts of the battery plate, which has a great influence on the performance of the lead-acid battery, the active substance in different parts are different. The utilization rate of active material utilization rate is high part of the cycle after a certain number of times, the failure position more quickly. In order to improve the design of the battery, the failure mode is very necessary. This paper studies the temperature and grid structure influence on discharge during plate polarization and cell performance, the potential distribution in the plate during charging and discharging single battery research, at the same time the lug position was also investigated the effects on current distribution of cell cycle, the original failure. Get the following conclusions: 1, 22 Ah and 20 Ah cell measurements at different temperatures, different discharge times The ohmic polarization plates, the rate of the results show that the electrode ohmic polarization decreases as the temperature decreases, the different grid structure significantly affect the current density distribution on the plate, 22 Ah battery grid for the upper vertical reinforcement can significantly reduce the multi polarization, the current density distribution is more uniform. The current flow in the grid is mainly in the vertical direction ribs, grid design should consider these factors, vertical plate size and the discharge current is proportional to the ohmic polarization, 25 C 22 Ah battery 3C1 C, 0.5 C discharge ohmic polarization on the positive plate part were 20 mV, 3.45 6.8mV, mV.2, plate lug position changes on both sides of the plate the potential distribution in the lug. The lug plate edge than the uniform current distribution on the electrodes, active material utilization rate is high, 2.5 A discharge capacity in the lug plate and the lug plate side battery battery are respectively 4.45 Ah and 3.98 Ah. to measure the battery charge and discharge In the process of electric potential changes, positive and negative plates. The results showed that: during the battery charging and discharging positive and negative plates of electrolyte IR drop, the value and the current value is proportional to 2.5A, 5A, 15A and constant current discharge after the electric potential difference between plates respectively reach 0.131 V, 0.197 V and 0.553 V.3 the battery, anatomy and failure analysis, the results show that the softening of positive active material in the upper gate corrosion and the board is the cause of battery failure. The study found that: (1) positive active material cycle in crystallinity increased, gradually lose the amorphous structure and alpha -PbO2 gradually transformed into -PbO2 grain size -PBO2. cycle in beta beta with larger average size, from 31.8 nm to 54.8 nm, part of active material shedding even reached 73.7 nm, the larger size of the active substances and other active substances contact variation, this part of active substances Falling down from the plate: (2) plate gate cathode corrosion in different parts of the situation is different, the upper part of the corrosion is more obvious than the central serious, when the battery failure, the upper part of the cathode grid has about half of corrosion, the existence of a large number of small pores and cracks corrosion layer, while the grid is middle in good condition; (3) after discharge battery separator middle electrolyte concentration than the upper and lower parts are low. With the increase of the cycle, after discharge separator electrolyte concentration increased, and the emergence of stratification of minor.

【學位授予單位】：福州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM912.1

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本文編號：1681824