本文選題：激光掃描　切入點：架空輸電線路　出處：《華北電力大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：架空輸電線路用于輸送電能,架空輸電線路的安全運行直接關系到用戶能否正常接收電能。隨著經濟的高速發(fā)展,用電需求日益增大、架空輸電線路越來越長、跨越地勢越來越復雜,架空輸電線路與其周邊物體的距離也變得越來越難以確定。輸電線路與其周邊物體之間的安全距離有嚴格的電力行業(yè)標準限值,遵照標準DL/T 741-2010的規(guī)定,當架空輸電線路與其周邊物體的距離小于標準規(guī)定時,可能會引起線路故障,嚴重的情況可能導致供電中斷。本文正是基于這個原因研究架空輸電線路與其周邊物體的距離安全問題,主要包括：通過對架空輸電線路周邊物體構建三角網格,采用逐步逼近的方法計算輸電線路與其周邊物體的最小距離；研究架空輸電線路舞動用以考慮線路舞動后與其周邊物體的最小距離；研究架空輸電線路周邊樹木的生長用以考慮樹木生長后與線路之間的最小距離；然后根據(jù)相應的電力行業(yè)標準判斷架空輸電線路與其周邊物體的距離安全。本文提出了架空輸電線路與其周邊物體的最小距離計算方法,是基于激光掃描的輸電線路及其周邊物體如地面、樹木、建筑物等的三維坐標信息,該方法分離出單個跨距內單條輸電線點并擬合成曲線,對輸電線路周邊的物體點以樹木點為例建立三角網格,通過逐步逼近的方法計算出輸電線路與其周邊物體的最小距離。實驗證明,用此方法計算出的最小距離與實測的最小距離相差較小,可用于實際工程。由于架空輸電線路舞動會造成輸電線路與其周邊物體的最小距離發(fā)生變化,可能會造成輸電線路安全隱患,因此,本文研究了輸電線路舞動情形,提出了輸電線路相鄰桿塔等高及相鄰桿塔不等高輸電線路舞動模型,以相鄰桿塔不等高輸電線路舞動為例做了線路舞動仿真實驗,實驗證明符合輸電線路舞動理論偏移。架空輸電線路與其周邊物體如樹木的距離會隨著樹木的生長發(fā)生變化,且當輸電線路與樹木的距離小于標準規(guī)定時,可能會引起樹閃故障,嚴重的情況可能導致供電中斷,因此本文研究了樹木生長,建立了樹木生長的灰色預測模型,實驗證明預測的樹木生長高度與實測值比較接近,可用于實際工程。本文提出了計算架空輸電線路弧垂的方法,基于輸電線路點云數(shù)據(jù)即可計算線路弧垂,進而計算輸電線路計及弧垂后與地面及線路周邊物體的最小距離。然后根據(jù)相應的電力標準判斷輸電線路與其周邊物體的最小距離,完整解決了本論文研究的架空輸電線路周邊物體對線路的距離安全影響問題。具有實際應用價值。
[Abstract]:Overhead transmission lines are used to transmit electric energy. The safe operation of overhead transmission lines is directly related to whether users can receive electricity normally. With the rapid development of economy, the demand for electricity is increasing day by day, and the overhead transmission lines are becoming longer and longer. The distance between overhead transmission lines and surrounding objects becomes more and more difficult to determine. The safe distance between transmission lines and surrounding objects has strict power industry standard limits, according to the standard DL/T 741-2010. When the distance between the overhead transmission line and its peripheral object is less than the standard, it may cause the fault of the line. For this reason, this paper studies the distance security between overhead transmission lines and their peripheral objects, which mainly includes: constructing triangular grids on the peripheral objects of overhead transmission lines. The minimum distance between the transmission line and its peripheral object is calculated by the method of stepwise approximation, and the minimum distance between the line galloping and the surrounding object is studied. The growth of trees around overhead transmission lines is studied to consider the minimum distance between the trees and the lines. Then the distance safety between overhead transmission line and its peripheral objects is judged according to the corresponding power industry standards. The minimum distance calculation method between overhead transmission line and its peripheral object is proposed in this paper. Based on the three dimensional coordinate information of transmission lines and their peripheral objects such as ground, trees, buildings and so on, the method separates a single transmission line point within a single span and simulates a synthetic curve. Taking tree points as an example, a triangular grid is established for the object points around the transmission lines. The minimum distance between the transmission lines and the surrounding objects is calculated by the method of gradual approximation. The difference between the minimum distance calculated by this method and the measured minimum distance is relatively small and can be used in practical engineering. The minimum distance between the transmission line and its surrounding objects will change due to the galloping of overhead transmission lines. Therefore, this paper studies the galloping situation of transmission line, and puts forward the galloping model of adjacent tower and unequal height of adjacent tower. Taking the galloping of transmission lines with different heights of adjacent towers as an example, the simulation results show that it accords with the migration of transmission line galloping theory. The distance between overhead transmission lines and their peripheral objects, such as trees, changes with the growth of trees. When the distance between the transmission line and the tree is less than the standard, it may cause the tree flash fault, and the serious situation may lead to the power supply outage. So this paper studies the tree growth, and establishes the grey forecast model of the tree growth. The experimental results show that the predicted height of tree growth is close to the measured value and can be used in practical projects. A method for calculating the sag of overhead transmission lines is presented in this paper. Based on the point cloud data of transmission lines, the sag of transmission lines can be calculated. Then the minimum distance between the transmission line and the ground and its peripheral objects is calculated, and the minimum distance between the transmission line and its peripheral objects is determined according to the corresponding power standards. The problem of distance safety of overhead transmission lines is solved in this paper, which has practical application value.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM75

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本文編號：1680849