本文選題：電動汽車　切入點(diǎn)：復(fù)合儲能　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著環(huán)境污染和能源短缺等問題的日益凸顯,很多國家提出了節(jié)能減排等相關(guān)政策。電動汽車作為新能源汽車的一種,受到了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。然而電動汽車中鋰電池等動力電池功率密度小,循環(huán)使用壽命短,難以滿足頻繁啟動,加速和制動等大電流充放電的行駛場合,削弱了整車的動態(tài)性能。而超級電容功率密度大且循環(huán)使用壽命長,因此將二者有機(jī)結(jié)合組成的復(fù)合儲能系統(tǒng)能有效提升電動汽車的綜合性能。本文主要工作包含以下幾個(gè)方面： 1、針對復(fù)合儲能系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn),分別從系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)、基本模塊、系統(tǒng)控制等三方面對復(fù)合儲能系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了分析。通過歸納比較儲能元件接入直流母線方式,總結(jié)雙向DC-DC變流器拓?fù)浜涂刂?對比不同的系統(tǒng)控制策略優(yōu)劣后,介紹了層次控制的模塊化復(fù)合儲能系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì)思路。 2、分析隔離型雙向DC-DC變流器啟動時(shí)沖擊電流的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理。在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了兩種軟啟動的優(yōu)化控制方法：變占空比軟啟動和變移相角軟啟動。兩種控制策略在不添加額外的輔助電路情況下,有效地降低了沖擊電流的幅值,保證變流器的安全啟動。文中對兩種控制策略的工作原理進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的公式推導(dǎo)和分析比較,并結(jié)合仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)對兩種軟啟動策略進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。 3、針對復(fù)合儲能系統(tǒng)的能量管理,設(shè)計(jì)了雙下垂分頻協(xié)調(diào)控制策略。一方面,通過電壓級聯(lián)控制實(shí)現(xiàn)了超級電容和儲能電池對功率波動的分頻響應(yīng),實(shí)現(xiàn)二者優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)；另一方面,在傳統(tǒng)的下垂控制中引入SOC的反饋控制,形成了對變流模塊輸出電流和儲能電池荷電狀態(tài)的雙下垂協(xié)調(diào)控制。使得在確保傳統(tǒng)下垂控制均流特性的前提下,根據(jù)儲能電池荷電狀態(tài)(SOC)對儲能電池模塊輸出功率加以自適應(yīng)調(diào)整,達(dá)到合理的負(fù)荷分配,有效避免儲能電池的過充過放運(yùn)行,提高電池組的使用壽命。
[Abstract]:With the increasing problems of environmental pollution and energy shortage, many countries have put forward energy saving and emission reduction policies. Electric vehicles as a kind of new energy vehicles, However, the power density of lithium-ion battery in electric vehicle is small, the cycle life is short, and it is difficult to meet the high current charge and discharge driving situation, such as frequent startup, acceleration and braking, etc. It weakens the dynamic performance of the whole car. And the super capacitor has high power density and long cycle life. Therefore, the composite energy storage system can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of electric vehicles. The main work of this paper includes the following aspects:. 1. According to the characteristics of composite energy storage system, the system structure, basic module and system control are analyzed respectively. After summarizing the topology and control of bi-directional DC-DC converter and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different system control strategies, the overall design idea of modular composite energy storage system with hierarchical control is introduced. 2. The mechanism of impulse current generation during startup of isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter is analyzed. Two optimal control methods for soft start are designed: variable duty ratio soft start and variable phase shift soft start. The two control strategies can effectively reduce the amplitude of impulse current without adding additional auxiliary circuit. In this paper, the working principle of the two control strategies is deduced, analyzed and compared in detail, and the two soft start strategies are verified by simulation and experiment. 3. For the energy management of the composite energy storage system, a dual droop frequency division coordinated control strategy is designed. On the one hand, the frequency division response of the super capacitor and the energy storage battery to the power fluctuation is realized by the voltage cascade control, which realizes the complementary advantages between the two. On the other hand, the feedback control of SOC is introduced into the traditional droop control, which forms the dual droop coordination control for the output current of the converter module and the charged state of the energy storage battery. According to the current state of energy storage battery (SOC), the output power of energy storage battery module can be adjusted adaptively to achieve reasonable load distribution, which can effectively avoid overcharging and overdischarge operation of energy storage battery and improve the service life of battery pack.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U469.72;TM46

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本文編號：1680450