本文選題：光伏發(fā)電　切入點(diǎn)：反光板　出處：《東南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境污染日益嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì)下,光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)以其清潔、安全的特點(diǎn)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用和快速的發(fā)展,然而其依然存在發(fā)電效率低、發(fā)電成本偏高的問(wèn)題。針對(duì)此問(wèn)題,本文從改變光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)布局的角度出發(fā),以屋頂光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,在光伏陣列的布置間距中增設(shè)反光板,在保證成本低廉的情況下,增加照射到光伏組件上的太陽(yáng)光輻射量,以提高系統(tǒng)的總體有效發(fā)電量,降低發(fā)電成本,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)性能的改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化。本文設(shè)計(jì)了屋頂光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)和實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng),分別進(jìn)行了平面、非平面、不同材料和布置方式的反光板實(shí)驗(yàn),研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在光伏陣列的安裝間距中增設(shè)傾角為28.7°,斜邊長(zhǎng)為1236mm,最低緣與后排光伏組件水平距離為339mm,與地面垂直距離為396mm,材料為銀鏡的平面反光板時(shí),光伏組件的有效發(fā)電量可提高20%左右,具有最佳布置效果,該反光板增加的成本僅為0.4元/W(約為建設(shè)總成本的4%),性?xún)r(jià)比極高。此外,本文分別從實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和光路模擬兩個(gè)方面,對(duì)增設(shè)反光板后光伏組件發(fā)電量提高的原因進(jìn)行分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在光照不好的條件下,增設(shè)反光板可使光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)發(fā)電量有較大幅度的提高,效果較好；反光板對(duì)光伏組件發(fā)電量提高幅度的影響與太陽(yáng)輻射量中散射輻射量份額的變化趨勢(shì)相吻合,這表明反光板使組件發(fā)電量提高的主因是散射光的反射�；趯�(duì)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)一年實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的采集,本文從年、月、日等不同時(shí)間尺度對(duì)光伏組件的發(fā)電輸出特性進(jìn)行分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),光伏組件年發(fā)電輸出特性的不連續(xù)性和突變性較為明顯。月發(fā)電輸出的差別較大,在南京地區(qū)光伏組件發(fā)電輸出較大的時(shí)間段一般出現(xiàn)在春季、初夏和秋季,發(fā)電輸出較小的時(shí)間段出現(xiàn)在冬季和雨水較多的夏季。各種不同天氣條件下的日發(fā)電輸出也表現(xiàn)出各自的特點(diǎn),晴天條件下光伏組件的發(fā)電輸出曲線較為圓滑,發(fā)電輸出峰值較大,整體發(fā)電輸出較高;陰天條件下發(fā)電輸出曲線波動(dòng)較大,呈現(xiàn)多峰的特點(diǎn)；多云條件下光伏組件發(fā)電輸出曲線呈現(xiàn)出間斷性的特點(diǎn)；而降雨條件下,發(fā)電輸出曲線波動(dòng)較大,且發(fā)電輸出時(shí)間段短、出力峰值低。此外,分析了太陽(yáng)輻照度、大氣溫度、風(fēng)速等環(huán)境因素對(duì)光伏組件發(fā)電輸出特性的影響,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),太陽(yáng)輻照度對(duì)光伏組件輸出功率影響最大,基本可以決定輸出功率的大��；光伏組件的輸出功率也受到大氣溫度的影響,在大氣溫度到達(dá)某一值之前,光伏組件輸出功率與大氣溫度呈現(xiàn)出正相關(guān)性,當(dāng)超過(guò)該值后大氣溫度的增長(zhǎng)反而會(huì)抑制光伏組件輸出功率的增加；風(fēng)速與光伏組件輸出功率之間幾乎沒(méi)有明顯的規(guī)律性。
[Abstract]:Under the situation of energy crisis and increasingly serious environmental pollution, photovoltaic power generation technology has been widely used and developed rapidly because of its clean and safe characteristics, but it still has low power generation efficiency. In view of the problem of changing the structure and layout of photovoltaic power system, this paper takes the roof photovoltaic system as the research object and adds a reflector to the arrangement spacing of photovoltaic array. Under the condition of low cost, increase the amount of solar radiation to photovoltaic module to increase the overall effective power generation of the system, and reduce the cost of power generation. The performance of photovoltaic power generation system is improved and optimized. In this paper, the experimental bench and real-time data acquisition system of photovoltaic power generation system are designed, and the reflector experiments of plane, non-plane, different materials and arrangement are carried out, respectively. It is found that when the installation distance of photovoltaic array is 28.7 擄, the oblique side length is 1236mm, the horizontal distance between the lowest edge and the rear photovoltaic module is 339mm, and the vertical distance from the ground is 396mm, the material is a plane reflector with silver mirror. The effective power generation of the photovoltaic module can be increased by about 20%, and it has the best arrangement effect. The additional cost of the reflector is only 0.4 yuan / W (about 4 / W of the total cost of construction), and the ratio of performance to price is very high. In addition, the experiment data and the optical path simulation are used in this paper. This paper analyzes the reasons for the increase of the power generation of the photovoltaic module after adding the reflector. It is found that under the condition of poor illumination, the addition of the reflector can greatly improve the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system, and the effect is better. The effect of the reflector on the increase in the power generation of the photovoltaic module coincides with the changing trend of the amount of scattered radiation in the solar radiation. This indicates that the main reason why the reflector can increase the power generation of the module is the reflection of scattered light. Based on the collection of experimental data of photovoltaic power system in one year, this paper starts from the year, month, and month. The paper analyzes the output characteristics of photovoltaic module at different time scales. It is found that the discontinuity and mutation of the output characteristics of photovoltaic module are obvious. In the Nanjing area, the larger output time periods of photovoltaic modules generally appear in spring, early summer and autumn. The smaller period of output of power generation occurs in winter and more summer of Rain Water. The output of daily power generation under different weather conditions also shows its own characteristics, and the output curve of photovoltaic module under sunny conditions is relatively smooth. The output curve of photovoltaic module shows the characteristics of multi-peak under cloudy conditions, and the output curve of photovoltaic module shows intermittent characteristics under cloudy condition, while under rainfall condition, the output curve of photovoltaic module is intermittent. The output curve fluctuates greatly, and the generation output time is short and the output peak value is low. In addition, the effects of environmental factors such as solar irradiance, atmospheric temperature and wind speed on the output characteristics of PV module are analyzed. Solar irradiance has the greatest influence on the output power of photovoltaic module, which can basically determine the output power. The output power of photovoltaic module is also affected by atmospheric temperature, before the atmospheric temperature reaches a certain value, There is a positive correlation between the output power of PV module and the atmospheric temperature. The increase of atmospheric temperature will restrain the increase of output power of PV module when the output power of PV module exceeds this value, and there is almost no obvious regularity between wind speed and output power of PV module.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM615

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

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2 付朝雪;太陽(yáng)能電池特性研究及獨(dú)立光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)[D];太原科技大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1674949