本文選題：太陽(yáng)輻射　切入點(diǎn)：光伏陣列　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境惡化問(wèn)題的日益加重,太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電憑借其特有優(yōu)勢(shì)得到了快速發(fā)展,但光伏發(fā)電相對(duì)于其它可再生能源存在發(fā)電成本偏高和發(fā)電效率偏低的問(wèn)題,因此對(duì)這兩大問(wèn)題的研究將會(huì)極大地促進(jìn)光伏發(fā)電應(yīng)用的推廣。本文以對(duì)光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行發(fā)電量估算和效率優(yōu)化為目的,建立了完整的光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)模型,主要包括太陽(yáng)輻射、光伏電池、不同跟蹤下的光伏陣列、電纜、匯流箱和逆變器效率模型。 在實(shí)際中,影響光伏陣列發(fā)電量的主要因素包括陣列的安裝角度、遮擋、電纜和弱光。本文基于上述所建立的光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)模型研究了建筑物表面朝向和傾角對(duì)光伏組件所接受到的年輻照量的影響,并在MATLAB中建立了可模擬光伏組件反向特性的工程適用模型,針對(duì)光伏組件、光伏組串、光伏陣列在局部遮擋下的輸出特性、電纜失配和弱光條件所導(dǎo)致的發(fā)電量損失進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析,通過(guò)仿真得出了不同陣列規(guī)模下的陰影最優(yōu)分布規(guī)律和組串式MPPT的適用條件,為光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)效率優(yōu)化奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。 然后基于以上理論分析提出了局部遮擋下的光伏陣列配置優(yōu)化方案和改進(jìn)后的群控拓?fù)浞桨?光伏陣列配置優(yōu)化方案可在不增加光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)控制難度的條件下降低陰影對(duì)陣列發(fā)電量的影響,改進(jìn)后的群控拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化方案不僅能提高弱光下的發(fā)電效率、拓寬陣列的有效輸出功率范圍,同時(shí)能保證強(qiáng)光下各個(gè)光伏陣列單元獨(dú)立運(yùn)行,縮小陰影影響范圍。 最后在LabVIEW中建立了光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電量和發(fā)電效率估算系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)可以對(duì)光伏電站進(jìn)行有效后評(píng)估,其中間輸出量如太陽(yáng)高度角、方位角、跟蹤裝置的跟蹤角等參數(shù)對(duì)于后續(xù)研究具有重要意義,且該系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了界面化和模塊化,具有解算速度較快、適用性較強(qiáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。并以鄯善地區(qū)20MW為例進(jìn)行了仿真分析,仿真得出平單軸跟蹤、斜單軸跟蹤、豎直單軸跟蹤和雙軸跟蹤的最佳跟蹤角范圍,通過(guò)比較采用各種跟蹤方式所增加的成本回收年數(shù)確定了鄯善地區(qū)的最佳跟蹤方式。
[Abstract]:Because of the worsening of energy crisis and environmental degradation, solar photovoltaic power has been developed rapidly because of its unique advantages. However, compared with other renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation has the problems of high power generation cost and low power generation efficiency. Therefore, the research on these two problems will greatly promote the application of photovoltaic power generation. In order to estimate the power generation and optimize the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system, a complete photovoltaic system model is established in this paper. It mainly includes solar radiation, photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic arrays, cables, converters and inverter efficiency models under different tracking conditions. In practice, the main factors that affect the power generation of photovoltaic arrays include the installation angle of the array, occlusion, Based on the model of photovoltaic power system established above, the influence of building surface orientation and inclination on the annual irradiance received by photovoltaic modules is studied in this paper. An engineering applicable model is established in MATLAB to simulate the reverse characteristics of photovoltaic module. The output characteristics of photovoltaic module, photovoltaic array and photovoltaic array under local occlusion are discussed. The power loss caused by cable mismatch and weak light condition is analyzed in detail. By simulation, the optimal distribution law of shadow and the suitable condition of MPPT with different array size are obtained. It lays a theoretical foundation for the efficiency optimization of photovoltaic power generation system. Then, based on the above theoretical analysis, the optimized configuration scheme of photovoltaic array under local occlusion and the improved group control topology scheme are proposed. Photovoltaic array configuration optimization scheme can reduce the influence of shadow on array power generation without increasing the control difficulty of photovoltaic system. The improved group control topology optimization scheme can not only improve the generation efficiency under weak light. The effective output power range of the array can be widened, and each photovoltaic array unit can be operated independently under strong light, and the shadow influence range can be reduced. Finally, a system for estimating the power generation and generation efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system is established in LabVIEW. The system can be used for effective post-evaluation of photovoltaic power station, and its intermediate output is such as solar height angle, azimuth angle, and so on. The tracking angle and other parameters of the tracking device are of great significance for the follow-up research, and the system realizes interfacial and modularization, which has the advantages of fast calculation speed and strong applicability. The simulation analysis is carried out by taking 20MW in Shanshan area as an example. The optimal tracking angle range of flat uniaxial tracking, oblique uniaxial tracking, vertical uniaxial tracking and biaxial tracking is obtained by simulation. The optimal tracking mode in Shanshan area is determined by comparing the cost recovery years increased by various tracking methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM615

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