本文選題：風(fēng)力發(fā)電　切入點：變槳距控制　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著能源的日益消耗和環(huán)境污染的加重,清潔型的新能源在當(dāng)今社會正穩(wěn)步的取得愈來愈重要的地位。作為一種可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新能源,風(fēng)力發(fā)電由于風(fēng)能的環(huán)保無污染,以及取之不盡用之不竭的特性得到了廣泛關(guān)注。另外,風(fēng)力發(fā)電具有較好的社會效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,使其得到快速發(fā)展。 直驅(qū)式永磁風(fēng)電機組由于其具有無齒輪箱和可靠性高等優(yōu)點,在風(fēng)力發(fā)電市場的主流機型中占據(jù)著重要地位。然而,風(fēng)速的隨機性、風(fēng)電機組的非線性和復(fù)雜性,會對風(fēng)電機組的輸出穩(wěn)定性和快速性產(chǎn)生影響。因此,先進(jìn)的控制系統(tǒng)所蘊含的技術(shù)在風(fēng)電機組中的應(yīng)用就顯得尤為關(guān)鍵。 本文在分析直驅(qū)式永磁風(fēng)電機組控制策略研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,受中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費專項資金“變槳距風(fēng)電機組智能控制器研究(2013JBM078)”資助,主要做了以下幾項工作： 1、分析了直驅(qū)式永磁風(fēng)電機組的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),深入研究了機組的建模過程,建立了包括風(fēng)速、風(fēng)力機、永磁同步電機、全功率變流器等模型,將各部分的數(shù)學(xué)模型有機地連接起來,得到了直驅(qū)式永磁風(fēng)電機組的整體非線性數(shù)學(xué)模型。另外,研究了風(fēng)電機組的運行特性,為后續(xù)章節(jié)的以恒功率控制為目標(biāo)進(jìn)行槳距角控制和以最大風(fēng)能捕獲為目標(biāo)進(jìn)行電機轉(zhuǎn)矩控制的優(yōu)化控制方法研究提供了基礎(chǔ)。 2、通過分析風(fēng)力機的運行特性以及變槳距控制要求,采用模糊前饋與模糊自適應(yīng)PID相結(jié)合的復(fù)合變槳距控制策略對額定風(fēng)速之上的風(fēng)電機組恒功率階段進(jìn)行變槳距控制。模糊自適應(yīng)PID控制器能夠依據(jù)控制規(guī)則改善PID參數(shù)整定困難的問題。模糊前饋控制器可根據(jù)擾動的大小和方向,補償擾動對被控量的影響,使被控量因擾動而產(chǎn)生的偏差降低至最低。在模糊自適應(yīng)PID控制器基礎(chǔ)上加入前饋控制,可以大大消除隨機性外擾對系統(tǒng)的影響,進(jìn)一步提高控制品質(zhì)。 3、對最大風(fēng)能跟蹤階段的轉(zhuǎn)矩控制進(jìn)行研究,將支持向量機、粒子群優(yōu)化算法、模型預(yù)測控制相結(jié)合,提出了基于粒子群優(yōu)化算法的支持向量機模型預(yù)測控制策略。機組在給定的參考轉(zhuǎn)速與參考功率軌跡下,根據(jù)當(dāng)前時刻測得的是實際輸出功率和電機轉(zhuǎn)速以及最優(yōu)控制電壓信號來預(yù)測機組的功率與轉(zhuǎn)速預(yù)測輸出值。仿真結(jié)果表明,在滾動優(yōu)化得到的最優(yōu)電壓控制信號作用下,機組的輸出功率與轉(zhuǎn)速能夠較好地跟蹤功率與轉(zhuǎn)速給定參考值,實現(xiàn)風(fēng)電機組快速、平穩(wěn)的捕獲最大風(fēng)能。 4、研究了風(fēng)力機特性模擬的技術(shù)原理,設(shè)計并搭建了基于無刷直流電機的風(fēng)力機模擬試驗平臺,并基于LabVIEW軟件編寫上位機界面,實現(xiàn)了風(fēng)力發(fā)電控制系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集、風(fēng)機運行控制等功能。在試驗平臺上對小功率風(fēng)力機進(jìn)行了樣機試驗,驗證了實驗平臺的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the increasing consumption of energy and the aggravation of environmental pollution, clean new energy is steadily gaining more and more important position in today's society. As a kind of new energy of sustainable development, wind power generation has no pollution due to the environmental protection of wind energy. In addition, wind power generation has good social and economic benefits, which makes it develop rapidly. The direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine has the advantages of no gearbox and high reliability, which plays an important role in the mainstream models of wind power market. However, the randomness of wind speed, the nonlinearity and complexity of wind turbine, and so on. Therefore, the application of advanced control system in wind turbine is very important. On the basis of analyzing the present situation of the control strategy of direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine, this paper is funded by the special fund of basic scientific research business expense of central university, "Research on Intelligent Controller of variable Propeller Wind Turbine" (2013JBM078). The main works are as follows:. 1. The system structure of direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine is analyzed, the modeling process of the unit is deeply studied, and the models including wind speed, wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous motor, full power converter and so on are established. The integral nonlinear mathematical model of direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine is obtained by organically connecting the mathematical models of each part. In addition, the operation characteristics of wind turbine are studied. It provides the foundation for the following chapters to study the optimal control methods of pitch angle control with constant power control as the target and motor torque control with maximum wind energy capture as the target. 2. By analyzing the operating characteristics of the wind turbine and the control requirements of the pitch of the variable propeller, The variable pitch control strategy based on the combination of fuzzy feedforward and fuzzy adaptive PID is used to control the pitch of wind turbine at constant power stage above the rated wind speed. The fuzzy adaptive PID controller can be improved according to the control rules. The problem of PID parameter tuning is difficult. The fuzzy feedforward controller can be based on the magnitude and direction of the disturbance. By compensating the effect of disturbance on the controlled quantity, the deviation caused by disturbance is minimized. The influence of random disturbance on the system can be greatly eliminated by adding feedforward control on the basis of fuzzy adaptive PID controller. Further improve the quality of control. 3. The torque control of the maximum wind energy tracking stage is studied. Support vector machine, particle swarm optimization algorithm and model predictive control are combined. A predictive control strategy for support vector machine (SVM) model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. According to the actual output power, motor speed and optimal control voltage signal measured at the present time, the predicted output value of the unit power and speed is predicted. The simulation results show that under the action of the optimal voltage control signal obtained by rolling optimization, The output power and rotational speed of the unit can track the given reference value of the power and speed well, so that the wind turbine can capture the maximum wind energy quickly and smoothly. 4. The technical principle of wind turbine characteristic simulation is studied, the wind turbine simulation test platform based on brushless DC motor is designed and built, and the upper computer interface is written based on LabVIEW software, which realizes the data acquisition of wind power generation control system. The small power wind turbine is tested on the test platform, and the feasibility of the experimental platform is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614

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