本文選題：風機葉片　切入點：脫層　出處：《南京航空航天大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：對風力發(fā)電設(shè)備進行無損檢測是增加其壽命、降低維護成本的有效手段，在葉片的壽命期內(nèi)及早的發(fā)現(xiàn)葉片存在的損傷，尤其是脫層損傷變得極為重要。 本文首先論述了葉片在其壽命周期各個階段出現(xiàn)脫層損傷的類型，并綜述了國內(nèi)外針對復合材料無損檢測所使用的方法；然后對聲振法進行了理論建模分析，確定了可以表征脫層缺陷信息的特征參數(shù)，并以此作為檢測儀器設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)。 論文論述了基于FPGA的風電葉片脫層損傷檢測儀的工作原理。通過敲擊錘激振葉片，對錘內(nèi)力傳感器所獲取的信號進行特征分析，當葉片出現(xiàn)脫層時，，缺陷處剛度下降，敲擊力持續(xù)時間增大。 儀器的制作包括敲擊錘的制作、硬件電路設(shè)計和軟件設(shè)計三個部分。敲擊錘的設(shè)計在考慮材料屬性和質(zhì)量要求后選擇尼龍錘頭，鋼鐵錘身的結(jié)構(gòu)，并將壓電薄膜傳感器內(nèi)嵌在錘頭內(nèi)。硬件電路的設(shè)計包括阻抗匹配、極性轉(zhuǎn)換電路和濾波放大電路，將所得的信號分別輸入數(shù)字信號處理模塊和模擬信號處理模塊。系統(tǒng)的核心器件為Altera的FPGA，對其軟件部分的設(shè)計包括兩個方面，一是數(shù)字邏輯模塊，用來直接對力信號的持續(xù)時間進行檢測，整個模塊可直接作為后續(xù)SOPC系統(tǒng)的外設(shè)部件；二是SOPC系統(tǒng)的搭建，主要實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的采集、分析、顯示和通信等功能。 本文最后利用所研制的損傷檢測儀對標準試件和實際損傷葉片進行了實驗研究。實驗數(shù)據(jù)顯示，此儀器對薄層的脫層損傷具有良好的檢測效果，并可依據(jù)檢測結(jié)果的變化趨勢規(guī)劃脫層檢測路徑。
[Abstract]:Non-destructive testing (NDT) of wind power equipment is an effective means to increase its life and reduce maintenance cost. It is very important to find blade damage, especially delamination damage, as early as possible during the lifetime of the blade. In this paper, the types of delamination damage in each stage of the blade life cycle are discussed, and the methods used for nondestructive testing of composite materials at home and abroad are summarized, and then the acoustic vibration method is theoretically modeled and analyzed. The characteristic parameters which can represent the delamination defect information are determined and used as the basis for the design of the detection instrument. In this paper, the working principle of the wind turbine blade delamination damage detector based on FPGA is discussed. The characteristic analysis of the signal obtained from the hammer internal force sensor is carried out by tapping the hammer blade. When the blade is delaminated, the stiffness of the defect decreases. Percussion duration increases. The instrument consists of three parts: hammering, hardware circuit design and software design. The design of hammer is based on the structure of nylon hammer head and steel hammer body after considering material properties and quality requirements. The design of hardware circuit includes impedance matching, polarity conversion circuit and filter amplifier circuit. The core device of the system is the FPGA of Altera. The software design of the system includes two aspects: one is the digital logic module, the other is the digital logic module. It can be used to detect the duration of force signal directly, the whole module can be used as the peripheral component of SOPC system directly; secondly, the SOPC system is built, which mainly realizes the functions of data acquisition, analysis, display and communication. In the end of this paper, the standard specimen and the actual damage blade are studied by using the developed damage detector. The experimental data show that the instrument has a good effect on detecting the delamination damage of the thin layer. The delamination detection path can be planned according to the change trend of the detection results.
【學位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315;TG115.28

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